Christian – “God and Christianity are objectively true”

by | Sep 12, 2019 | Blog

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

“Jesus claimed to be God and rose from the dead to prove it. If you can prove to me that Jesus didn’t rise from the dead because if you can I’ll quit being a Christian right now.  Also if you want to say that I bear the burden of proof.. what about the Empty Tomb, where’s the body???” – Christian Supporter   

My Response, So did you read the entire bible before having faith in Christian belief? Did you review all claimed evidence and counter rejection of said evidence before confirming that you should have faith? Likely not, most religious believers started with hearing an unsupported claim and skip research then just believe. Then much later desire to gather whatever they can to then make the justification lacking faith choice already made seem to have been a reasonable one. 

My response, Uta Ranke-Heinemann has written the following:

“The empty tomb on Easter Sunday morning is a legend. This is shown by the simple fact that the apostle Paul, the most crucial preacher of Christ’s resurrection, and the earliest New Testament writer besides, says nothing about it. As far as Paul is concerned, it doesn’t exist. Thus it means nothing to him, that is, an empty tomb has no significance for the truth of the resurrection, which he so emphatically proclaims. Granted, for Paul all Christianity depends upon the resurrection of Christ – “If Christ has not been raised, then our preaching is in vain and your faith is in vain” (1Cor 15:14). But in Paul’s view, that has nothing to do with an empty tomb. He manifestly has no idea of any such thing. If Paul had ever heard of the empty tomb, he would have never passed over it in silence. Since he gathers together and cites all evidence for Jesus’ resurrection that has been handed down to him (1 Corinthians 15), he certainly would have found the empty tomb worth mentioning. That he doesn’t prove that it never existed and hence the accounts of it must not have arisen until later.” ref 

“Uta Ranke-Heinemann (born 2 October 1927) is a German theologian, academic, and author. She holds the (nondenominational) chair of History of Religion at the University of Duisburg-Essen in Essen, her birthplace.” ref 

“After nearly seven years’ study of Protestant theology in Bonn, Basel, Oxford, and Montpellier, she converted to Catholicism in 1953 and was promoted to doctor in 1954 in Munich. Before 1954 no doctorate in Catholic theology for women was possible. In 1969 Ranke-Heinemann became the first woman to hold a chair of theology at a German university.[2] She subsequently held the Essen University chair of ancient church history and the New Testament. In 1987 Bishop of Essen Franz Hengsbach withdrew her license to teach Catholic theology for disputing the virgin birth of Jesus. This effectively disqualified her from the post she had held for three years.” ref 

Ranke-Heinemann’s sevenfold farewell to traditional Christianity contains the following:

  1. “The Bible is not the word of God but the word of men.
  2. That God exists in three persons is the imagination of men.
  3. Jesus is man and not God.
  4. Mary is the mother of Jesus and not the mother of God.
  5. God created heaven and earth, but hell is a product of human fantasy.
  6. The devil and original sin do not exist.
  7. A bloody redemption at the Cross is a pagan sacrificial slaughtering of a human being, based on a model from the religious Stone Age.” ref 

“Damien Marie AtHope, so I sent you a message on messenger but to answer short hand. I personally do not trust in anything I haven’t did research on. I may believe some thing’s like quantum physics that I do not trust per say. So there a difference. I’ve been personally studying Jesus Christ and Christianity for 5 years now, still young I know. But I would love to discuss with the two of you, my personal story, and the objective evidence for not only the existence of God, but why Christianity is objectively true.” – Christian Supporter  

My response, So you don’t want to answer my questions? Why?  Let’s do a recorded chat. I only do honest open discussions. I was a Christian, raised that way and believed in it for 35 years. T read the Bible twice and only in college learning more facts as well as how to stop faith thinking in place of how to do critical thinking. That I realize not just that the Bible was full of pseudo-science, pseudo-history and blaring contradictions but pseudo-morality as well. It was then I stopped believing the Bible and I also saw I never had an epistemic justification for believing in any god either. 

You can email me: damien.marie.athope@gmail.com to set it up.

I have my own website, blog, patron, and YouTube; so you can look me up if you want to. 

My response, I am a rationalist atheist so I will address your claims, unlike most skeptic atheists. I am much harder to get much by as you must justify all claims individually. Let us start with your claim “Christianity is objectively.” That is like thousands of different potential claims, not one claim but first, what do you mean by “Christianity”??? There are thousands of different branches and thinking on what that word can mean or involve and it is seen different to a Christian conservative and a Christian liberal theologian using the term just as it can be different from a Christian with no schooling or a Christian highly schooled or a Christian philosopher. Second, let us address your claim “God is objectively.” What do you mean by God as well as what do you mean by the term objective?  

My response, Next, you stated, “Jesus claimed to be God.” Well, have you read the story of Jesus in the bible? 

*Here are some more great examples of how Jesus is not all good, nor all-loving neither does he care about everyone on earth other than the Jews.

Luke 14:26 “If anyone comes to me and does not hate father and mother, wife and children, brothers and sisters—yes, even their own life—such a person cannot be my disciple.” – Jesus

Matthew 10:34 “Do not suppose that I have come to bring peace to the earth. I did not come to bring peace, but a sword.” – Jesus

*Yes, you heard that right Jesus only came for the Israelite people, as stated in his own words as stated undeniably already. 

Matthew 15:24 He answered, “I was sent only to the lost sheep of Israel.” – Jesus

You may believe you know Jesus. The lie called the bible is full of contradictions thousands of them so what you think you know depends on which lie you choose to remember. You do not know, you believe because of faith and think that feeling is knowing, but you are mistaken. You need to learn how to form justified beliefs, and faith is not it.

*If Jesus was God, he would have sought worship for himself would he not? Since he didn’t, instead he sought worship for God in the heavens, therefore, he was not God. Verses in the Bible say Jesus is not God The Bible says that Jesus denied he is God.

Jesus spoke to a man who had called him ‘good,’ asking him, ‘Why do you call me good? No one is good except God alone.’ (Luke 18:19)

And he said to him, ‘Why are you asking me about what is good? There is only One who is good; but if you wish to enter into life, keep the commandments.’ (Matthew 19:17)

*Jesus did not teach people that he was God. If Jesus had been telling people that he was God, he would have complimented the man. Instead, Jesus rebuked him, denying he was good, that is, Jesus denied he was God. The Bible says that God is greater than Jesus.

‘My Father is greater than I’ (John 14:28)

‘My father is greater than all.’ (John 10:29)

*Jesus cannot be God, if God is greater than him. The Christian belief that the Father and son are equal is in direct contrast to the clear words from Jesus. Jesus never instructed his disciples to worship him.

‘When you pray, say Our Father which art in heaven.’ (Luke 11:2)

‘In that day, you shall ask me nothing. Whatsoever you ask of the Father in my name.’ (John 16:23)

‘The hour cometh and now is, when the true worshippers shall worship the Father in spirit and in truth; for the Father seeketh such to worship him.’ (John 4:23)

*Is Jesus equal to or lesser than god?

JOH 10:30 I and my Father are one.

JOH 14:28 I go unto the Father: for my Father is greater than I.

*How did Simon Peter find out that Jesus was the Christ?

By a revelation from heaven (Matthew 16:17)

His brother Andrew told him (John 1:41)

*Jesus’ last words?

MAT 27:46,50: “And about the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice, saying, “Eli, eli, lama sabachthani?” that is to say, “My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?” …Jesus, when he cried again with a loud voice, yielded up the ghost.”

LUK 23:46: “And when Jesus had cried with a loud voice, he said, “Father, unto thy hands I commend my spirit:” and having said thus, he gave up the ghost.”

JOH 19:30: “When Jesus, therefore, had received the vinegar, he said, “It is finished:” and he bowed his head, and gave up the ghost.”

*Jesus’ first sermon plain or mount?

MAT 5:1,2: “And seeing the multitudes, he went up into a mountain: and when he was set, his disciples came unto him: And he opened his mouth, and taught them, saying….”

LUK 6:17,20: “And he came down with them, and stood in the plain, and the company of his disciples, and a great multitude of people…came to hear him.. And he lifted up his eyes on his disciples and said…”

*Whom did they see at the tomb?

MAT 28:2 And, behold, there was a great earthquake: for the angel of the Lord descended from heaven, and came and rolled back the stone from the door, and sat upon it.

MAT 28:3-5 His countenance was like lightning, and his raiment white as snow: and for fear of him the keepers did shake, and became as dead men. And the angel answered and said unto the women, Fear not ye: for I know that ye seek Jesus, which was crucified.

MAR 16:5 And entering into the sepulchre, they saw a young man sitting on the right side, clothed in a long white garment; and they were affrighted.

LUK 24:4 And it came to pass, as they were much perplexed thereabout, behold, two men stood by them in shining garments:

JOH 20:12 And seeth two angels in white sitting, the one at the head, and the other at the feet, where the body of Jesus had lain.

*Jesus descended from which son of David?

Solomon (Matthew 1:6)

Nathan(Luke3:31)

*Would Jesus inherit David’s throne?

Yes. So said the angel (Luke 1:32)

No, since he is a descendant of Jehoiakim (see Matthew 1: I 1, I Chronicles 3:16). And Jehoiakim was cursed by God so that none of his descendants can sit upon Davids throne (Jeremiah 36:30)

*When Jesus met Jairus was Jairus daughter already dead?

Yes. Matthew 9:18 quotes him as saying, My daughter has just died.

No. Mark 5:23 quotes him as saying, My little daughter is at the point of death.

*Did Herod think that Jesus was John the Baptist?

Yes (Matthew 14:2; Mark 6:16)

No (Luke 9:9)

*Did John the Baptist recognize Jesus before his baptism?

Yes (Matthew 3:13-14)

No (John 1:32,33)

*Did John the Baptist recognize Jesus after his baptism?

Yes (John 1:32, 33)

No (Matthew 11:2)

*I could go on there is much more but some will say I am using man’s wisdom not god’s mysterious ways. So, is the bible in favor of wisdom? Is it folly to be wise or not?

PRO 4:7 Wisdom is the principal thing; therefore get wisdom: and with all thy getting get understanding.

ECC 1:18 For in much wisdom is much grief: and he that increaseth knowledge increaseth sorrow.

1CO 1:19: “For it is written, I will destroy the wisdom of the wise, and will bring to nothing the understanding of the prudent.” 

“Damien, would you like to be a guest on my radio show, (The complete sinner’s guide is a podcast dedicated to practical, theological truths)??” – Christian Supporter 

 My response, Sure if I can also record it and post it on my page. 

“Absolutely, as long as you don’t edit it out of context I don’t mind you using it at all.” – Christian Supporter   

My response, I never edit my videos. Here is a video of me talking with a Christian apologist school for 3 hours.  

Talking Axiological Atheism and Debating Christians (Apologetics Academy) https://youtu.be/0EXUhAJBODc 

“And the reason I wasn’t responding is because I’m at work at this time. However…real quick can you define what you mean by “Axiological Atheist?” – Christian Supporter  

My response, Yes, an axiological atheist is a value theory philosophy atheist. 

“Can you elaborate?” – Christian Supporter 

My response, Axiological/axiology (value theory/value science) atheism?  Axiological Atheism can be thought to involve ethical/value theory reasoned and moral argument-driven apatheism, ignosticism, atheism, anti-theism, anti-religionism, secularism, and humanism. And my quick definition of Axiology?  Axiology is a philosophy (value theory) and a social science (formal axiology) mainly involving the “what, why, and how” of “value” the way epistemology approaches “knowledge” as in what is of value/good/worth/beneficial/ or useful? Why is the thing in question of “value/good/worth/beneficial/ or useful?” How should the value/good/worth/beneficial/ or useful” be interacted with? 

Here is my blog on it,  Axiological Atheism Explained: Link 

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

Hammer of Truth: Investigate (ONTOLOGY), Expose (EPISTEMOLOGY), and Judge (AXIOLOGY)

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

“Gotcha thanks. Also would you like for this to be a “formal” debate? ….I put it in quotes due to distance. Timed and moderated that is.” – Christian Supporter 

My response, I don’t do formal debating as it is not genuine. I like real conversation with a open thinker. 

“I like that idea. What I mean by Christianity is biblical Christianity. My tradition is reformed though. I hold that the Bible is the infallible word of God old and New Testament.” – Christian Supporter 

My response, I am open and genuine and expect the same from others. I don’t try to win I try to inspire thinking in myself and others. So you believe in a 6,000 years old humanity? 

“I’m searching for truth and I’m trying to design my platform around finding objective truth. I believe in a humanity between 6,000 to 20,000 years old (Young Earth creationism) but my expertise is not in creation.” – Christian Supporter  

My response, A claim of “Truth” is just an arbitrary label if it is not justified. 

 “I agree one has to justify truth for to be “truth” – Christian Supporter   

 My response,  So then you are not in agreement with science? 

“Also I would define objective as something that derives outside of ourselves. I am in agreement with science actually. I believe the science is figuring out how God does things.” – Christian Supporter 

 My response, What makes you think that the Bible is objective or true? 

“Because I didn’t make it up.” – Christian Supporter   

 My response,  The science of DNA shows that humans are at least 200,000 years old. 

“Do you have a source for that.” – Christian Supporter  

 My response,  So all things you don’t make up are objective?

“Exactly.” – Christian Supporter   

My response, Here is a link on the science of DNA of humans :  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/22658331/?fbclid=IwAR1BjrR4iyHHaDebdPobOJY9jhJJCF2tsAmjp-WUPjMVosvHNs0UPzgkbIU 

“You ask me why do I think the Bible is objective…. Because it didn’t come from within myself. The Bible was never designed to be subjective to just Tyler. Also I heard something in your video that you sent me and I wanted to clarify if you were a pragmatist or not and I’ll check that out later thank you.” – Christian Supporter

My response, So you believe in the Quran too, as it is also outside of you? 

“I’ve read the Quran actually… And yeah it would be objective to me even though I disagree with what it says… If we are using the term objective strictly in the sense of being outside of oneself.” – Christian Supporter  

My response, If anything outside of you is your level of objective then your level is not objective. 

“So I would define objective in different ways as you would as well….and that’s why I think it’s important to clarify at the beginning what were speaking about…. How are you using objective.” – Christian Supporter   

My response, How can you say it is both objective and not true? 

“Again I’m using the term objective in the strict sense of being outside of oneself… I’m really not trying to whatever…. I’m just trying to be clear.” – Christian Supporter   

My response, Objectivity is a philosophical concept of being true independently from individual subjectivity caused by perception, emotions, or imagination. A proposition is considered to have objective truth when its truth conditions are met without bias caused by a sentient subject.” –  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objectivity_%28philosophy%29 

“Okay so now I would not say that the Quran is objective truth. If objective truth is what you’re speaking about then that’s the Bible.” – Christian Supporter  

My response, You don’t have this “objective truth”  it would seem from your responses. 

“Like I said I would hold that the Bible is the infallible word of God. God being the author of objective truth so to say.” – Christian Supporter   

My response, Can answer my first questions that you have avoided?

“I haven’t avoided anything could you please remind me of them here….  it does too much trouble I mean yeah I can look them up.” – Christian Supporter 

My response, So did you read the entire bible before having faith in Christian belief? Did you review all claimed evidence and counter rejection of said evidence before confirming that you should have faith? Likely not most religious believers started with hearing a unsupported claim and skip research then just believe then much later desire to gather what ever they can to then make the justification lacking faith choice already made seem to have been a reasonable one. 

My response, There are my first questions, remember now? 

“Ok… lol 

1. No. I didn’t not complete the entire Bible word for word before coming to faith in Christ. I believe a person is saved by God’s grace through faith in Christ, not according to works that we do. 

2. No. I think it’s impossible to view every single piece of evidence before believing something. I wouldn’t hold you to those standards by your faith in atheism and I think it’s unfair to ask the same.” – Christian Supporter  

“Also I would ask humbly for pardon on using objective wrongly. Never claimed infallibility and if one is never wrong how arrogant would people naturally be? So forgive me please. To restate for clarification: I would not say that the Quran is objectively true as a whole. In it’s message as a whole and individual things like stars are missiles shot at demons. Objective truth stems from God. The Biblical Triune God subsisting of Father Son and Holy Spirit. I believe we are all made in the image of God. This is why we actually love. This is also where morality (in a general sense) comes from. I don’t know where you personally stand on the issue but I would hope we would have some common ground in our morals. This is also how we truly know “good” from “evil”, “right” from “wrong”, “ought” or “ought not to do”, “Truth” from “false”.  A lot of popular secular scholars, such as Bart Ehrman and Liberal N.T. Scholar John Dominick Crossan, not only agree that Jesus existed, but that He was also crucified. We also have many sources including the Bible which state this fact.  Now either Jesus existed or He didn’t. If He did…He either claimed to be God, or He didn’t. If the Bible is true…Jesus is God. Historical and Scientific evidence points to a Creator and Jesus claimed to be that Creator. The resurrection proves that is in fact true.  I heard your testimony…and honestly I can relate. If you listen to my previous shows you can see how. But in the five years I have been studying this…God has changed my life. Just being real. If/when this discussion happens I would like to continue the conversation after. But I will say I do appreciate the time taken out to speak to me because I will say this. Hers my open mind. If Christianity can be proven false…I have better things to do on Sunday then go to church. All one has to do to prove Christianity false is show that the resurrection never happened. As the Apostle Paul said…if the resurrection didn’t happen we are ALL still in our sins. If after this life it’s just black out and no judgement…I got better things to do then wast me time with this.  But if the resurrection of Jesus Christ is true….it changes everything and everyone who isn’t trusting Him will die in their sins and burn in Hell. I didn’t make that up…Jesus said it.  Again…either He’s “The Truth” or he’s nothing…” – Christian Supporter   

My response, Atheism is not faith it is the lack of belief in theism as it doesn’t have justification for the faith it claims. And you are the barer of the burden of proof as it is you making the unjustified claims. You said Christianity was biblical and that they are Objective truth. That means I only have to show one error, lie, inaccuracy and the Bible is not objective. I already did that with the DNA link and how humans go back hundreds of thousands of years not a few thousand the Bible implies. So you are already holding an non-objective  belief. All the 5 foundation stories of the Bible are also discredited by archaeology and that is objective truth which I will provide. I don’t think you will stop faith in them just as you did not choose to investigate the stories before starting your faith. You simply believe the entire Bible on faith not as a act of being persuaded by facts. I get it believe me. I did the same thing when I was a Christian. It is not specific to you nor even to Christianity it is a religion problem of faith before facts then faith in the face of countering facts. You make a claim that objective truth is from God, which we already have found out you don’t fully understand as I had to explain it to you then you changed your mind about the Quran. And as I already asked you what is a god?  I was not trying to make you feel you need to be infallible. I actually believe in reasonable Fallibilism. But as long as you claim that what you have faith in is infallible it is you that needs to be offering facts that are infallible because if I can show in any way that they are fallible then your faith needs to change on them to remain intellectually honest. 

My response, You believe that there was a global flood around 4,000 years ago as claimed in the Bible with Noah as objective truth is that right?  The unscientific claims of a Worldwide Flood as seen in the bible’s book of Genesis. According to Eric H. Cline a professor of Ancient History and Archaeology with 19 books as well as the author of the book titled Biblical Archaeology: A Very Short Introduction who was also a three-time winner awards by the Biblical Archaeology Society, argues that there is no evidence for a worldwide flood which is in agreement with the mainstream scholarly consensus, and that any claim otherwise amounts to pseudoarchaeology. https://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Global_flood https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_H._Cline   

 Here is a blog of mine on that: Archaeology Disproves the Bible

*DNA Science and Archaeology Debunk the Bible as holding infallible objective truth 

1. Adm and Eve 6,000-Year-Old humanity Myth 

Genetic ‘Adam’ and ‘Eve’ Uncovered: https://www.livescience.com/38613-genetic-adam-and-eve-uncovered.html

“Researchers believe that modern humans left Africa between 60,000 and 200,000 years ago, and that the mother of all women likely emerged from East Africa. But beyond that, the details get fuzzy.”

Y-chromosomal Adam or human genetics Y-DNA most recent common ancestor (160,000-300,000 years ago): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y-chromosomal_Adam

Mitochondrial Eve or human genetics mt-DNA most recent common ancestor (100,000–230,000 years ago): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial_Eve

Did a discrete event 200,000-100,000 years ago produce modern humans: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/22658331/?fbclid=IwAR1BjrR4iyHHaDebdPobOJY9jhJJCF2tsAmjp-WUPjMVosvHNs0UPzgkbIU

2. The Bible flood myth

Flood Accounts: Gilgamesh epic (4,100 years ago) Noah in Genesis (2,600 years ago): https://damienmarieathope.com/2019/05/flood-accounts-gilgamesh-epic-4100-years-ago-noah-in-genesis-2600-years-ago/

Everyone Killed in the Bible Flood? “Nephilim” (giants)?: https://damienmarieathope.com/2015/08/everyone-killed-in-the-bible-flood-nephilim-giants/

Was Noah’s Ark found on Mount Ararat as claimed by Ron Wyatt? No, of course not: https://damienmarieathope.com/2018/09/was-noahs-ark-found-on-mount-ararat-as-claimed-by-ron-wyatt-no-of-course-not/

3. The myth of the Exodus

Hey, Damien dude, I have a question for you regarding “the bible” Exodus: https://damienmarieathope.com/2017/10/hey-damien-dude-i-have-a-question-for-you-regarding-exodus/

Is there EXODUS ARCHAEOLOGY? The short answer is “no”: https://damienmarieathope.com/2019/07/is-there-exodus-archaeology-the-short-answer-is-no/

3. The myth of conquering the land of Canaan; the land which the tribes of Israel supposedly conquered after the supposed Exodus from Egypt (such as the lie of Jericho):

Canaanites and Israelites?: https://damienmarieathope.com/2017/07/canaanites-and-israelites/

The Jericho Conquest lie?: https://damienmarieathope.com/2017/10/the-jericho-conquest-lie/

Bible Battle, Just More, Bible Babble: https://damienmarieathope.com/2015/08/bible-battle-just-more-bible-babble/

4. The bible myth about a ‘United Monarchy’ full of splendor and power – the period of Saul, David and Solomon–as presented in the biblical account.

‘United Monarchy’ full of splendor and power – Saul, David, and Solomon? Most likely not: https://damienmarieathope.com/2019/07/united-monarchy-full-of-splendor-and-power-saul-david-and-solomon/

“Is that how we are going to do this? You’re going to send me links about Ron Wyatt??? That guy is nuts! Let’s be serious at least shall we?  I can send you links all day long the proves a world wide flood but that’s not what I’m after.  I’m not looking to win or lose the debate but for BOTH to be open minded and actually HEAR what the other had to say.  I’m not getting into a link battle. It’s unedifying at that point. You are sending me a lot of science articles though. So I’m assuming you hold that the world is actually uniform instead of random chance acting upon matter? Would you agree that the world is uniform in nature and we can know things such as the future being like the past?” – Christian Supporter   

My response, As to your question to me on pragmatics. To me, “Right” thinking, is referring to a kind of methodological thinking. Reason is at the base of everything, and it builds up from pragmatic approaches. And, I use what works where it works which goes something like this, I am eclectic using what truth standard is appropriate for what is reasonably needed and in that thinking here are three main approaches to truth (i.e. the ontology of truth) from the very subjective (Pragmatic theory of truth) where we assume something is the case, or we reason from what is thought useful but one shouldn’t claim to know as a truth or fact and thus is value limited, however, in my opinion it can be a place from which we start to reason about axioms and logic standards or focus on the connection between potential truth and epistemic practices. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pragmatic_theory_of_truth https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/truth-pragmatic/ Then to less subjective and somewhat objective depending on what it is related to (Coherence theory of truth) which in my opinion may involve the use of logic such as validity relating to logic thinking, challenging the coherence of hypotheticals, and reasoning to eliminate things like contradictions or logical fallacies or can be used in epistemic reasoning or epistemic logic confirmations which are considered to be true but is somewhat limited in truth conformations in general as they are analytic may not contain any information about any matters of fact and thus do not describe the external world. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coherence_theory_of_truth https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_truth Then onto objective (Correspondence theory of truth) where there are the external world epistemic truth confirmations thus true beliefs, and true statements correspond to the actual state of affairs. Which may connect to any view embracing truth in relation to reality and property involving a characteristic or portion of reality. Thus is often associated with metaphysical realism roughly that whatever exists does so independently of thought or experience. The correspondence theory of truth could also be thought to relate to scientific realism a view that the actual state of affairs in the world are best described by science which generally analytic philosophers commit to. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correspondence_theory_of_truth https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/truth-correspondence/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophical_realism Roughly, I see the three theories of truth as helping each other or can be connected depending on what one is addressing but remember that this process as limited as it can be, is the best we have and we build one truth on top another like blocks to a wall of truth to compile accurate epistemic knowledge. And if you are wondering, NO, you don’t Know god-something exists by logic! Some theistic philosophers claim to have logically valid arguments for their believed god-something existing. Don’t buy this bait and switch presumably appeal to the seeming equivocation of the logic related term valid. As it seems they hope you think valid in logic means something is true by the use of logic, it is not. Logically valid mainly means lacking internal contradictions or is coherent internally. Not that it establishes truths or assures accurate truth externally. To do that it has to be established as sound. 

“Is logic universal? As in we as man ought to be logical? Because it sounds like that’s one of your fundamentals is logic right? You need to operate using logic? Because it sounds like that’s one of your fundamentals is logic right? You need to operate using logic?” – Christian Supporter   

My response, I am showing you that there is things you believe about the bible that are not objective truths and are subjective myths. I gave you more than enough to discredit your belief claim of an objective bible. I am addressing your statements. You may choose to pick one you disagree with but that does not remove the objective failure that your belief holds up against what facts I offered. Be an hoist thinker. 

“I don’t think so. You sending me a few links proves nothing. Which is why I haven’t sent you any.  First your “proof” of humans existing 200- 100,000 years ago is a “viable option” at best. Capable of working…not necessarily.  2nd trees sticking straight up through different layers of rocks (forgive me I don’t know the scientific terminology for that) proves without a doubt these are not millions of years in the process. The sediment layers built up rather quick. The Grand canyon was seriously carved out by that tiny little river? Ok.  And the list goes on.  Now you appeal to logic….I’m asking…from and atheistic worldview to justify your reasoning behind logic. Why ought we as man use logic?  And I’m still trying to figure out why in the world Satan, or Lucifer or the light bearer cause you so much problems that you had to leave the faith? maybe that’s a conversation for another time but it didn’t make much sense to me.” – Christian Supporter   

My response, So you made unjustified claims that the bible was objective truth and me providing objective science that discredits the Bible claims proves nothing and you still think you are thinking honestly? Do you know what intellectual honesty is? 

“Intellectual honesty is an applied method of problem solving, characterized by an unbiased, honest attitude, which can be demonstrated in a number of different ways:  One’s personal faith, beliefs, or politics do not interfere with the pursuit of truth; Relevant facts and information are not purposefully omitted even when such things may contradict one’s hypothesis; Facts are presented in an unbiased manner, and not twisted to give misleading impressions or to support one view over another; References, or earlier work, are acknowledged where possible, and plagiarism is avoided. Harvard ethicist Louis M. Guenin describes the “kernel” of intellectual honesty to be “a virtuous disposition to eschew deception when given an incentive for deception”. Intentionally committed fallacies in debates and reasoning are called intellectual dishonesty.” ref 

“Is a viable option proof sir?  Can you justify for me sir logic? That’s literally all I’m asking is for you to justify logic?  If you cannot do that all of your intellectual honesty goes out the window.” – Christian Supporter   

My response, What do you mean by the term god as I have asked a few times and what do you mean by proof then as you are using it? 

Which brings up another point is intellectual honesty universal?  What I mean by God is the Triune god of the Bible subsisting of Father Son and Holy Spirit. God is Spirit. 

My response, “Definition of proof a: the cogency of evidence that compels acceptance by the mind of a truth or a fact b: the process or an instance of establishing the validity of a statement especially by derivation from other statements in accordance with principles of reasoning.” https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/proof 

“So option and Truth is synonymous now.” – Christian Supporter  

My response, The triune god of the later part of the Christian addition to the Bible you mean right? As there is no mention of such a thing in the Hebrew part of the bible. And please explain what you mean by the triune god and what verse uses that term? 

So I guess you’re not going to justify logic? If you’re going to keep asking me to give you logical answers you have to justify why? Or else your whole argumentation goes out the window. And there’s actually a reference to the trinity in the old Testament… A few really.  Would you rather actually talk?? 

My response, If i can or you don’t think I can does that remove your evaded burden of proof from the facts against your objective bible assumptions? 

Axiological “presumptive-value” Success: Sound Thinker: uses disciplined rationality (sound axiological judgment the evaluation of evidence to make a decision) supporting a valid and reliable justification.  

Axiological “presumptive-value” Failure: Shallow Thinker: undisciplined, situational, sporadic, or limited thinking (unsound axiological judgment, lacking required evidence to make a “presumptive-value” success decision) lacking the support of a needed valid and reliable justification. 

My response, So another word for that is arbitrary. Are you trying to say that you don’t have to justify logic? 

“The laws of thought are fundamental axiomatic rules upon which rational discourse itself is often considered to be based. The formulation and clarification of such rules have a long tradition in the history of philosophy and logic. Generally they are taken as laws that guide and underlie everyone’s thinking, thoughts, expressions, discussions, etc. However, such classical ideas are often questioned or rejected in more recent developments, such as intuitionistic logic, dialetheism and fuzzy logic. According to the 1999 Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy, laws of thought are laws by which or in accordance with which valid thought proceeds, or that justify valid inference, or to which all valid deduction is reducible. Laws of thought are rules that apply without exception to any subject matter of thought, etc.; sometimes they are said to be the object of logic[further explanation needed]. The term, rarely used in exactly the same sense by different authors, has long been associated with three equally ambiguous expressions: the law of identity (ID), the law of contradiction (or non-contradiction; NC), and the law of excluded middle (EM). Sometimes, these three expressions are taken as propositions of formal ontology having the widest possible subject matter, propositions that apply to entities as such: (ID), everything is (i.e., is identical to) itself; (NC) no thing having a given quality also has the negative of that quality (e.g., no even number is non-even); (EM) every thing either has a given quality or has the negative of that quality (e.g., every number is either even or non-even). Equally common in older works is the use of these expressions for principles of metalogic about propositions: (ID) every proposition implies itself; (NC) no proposition is both true and false; (EM) every proposition is either true or false.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_thought 

“So am I just going to keep getting Wikipedia?  Maybe I can ask you another question how do you know what you know. Or what is your epistemology?  I have a revelatory epistemology meaning that I believe that God has spoken and what he said is true and accurate and I can know certain things because he has revealed certain things.“ – Christian Supporter   

My response, Are you still going to reject objective facts of science in place of your unjustified faith assumptions that the bible is infallible objective truth which it is not as I already showed you? Be an honest thinker. You can still believe in the bible and be honest enough to admit it is not objectively true on all its claims as a majority of non-fundamentalist do. 

“I did answer your questions are you not even reading what I’m saying?” – Christian Supporter    

My response, I did and still you have not once offered any objective source to add any credibility to your unjustified faith assumptions that the bible hols infallible objective truth. You don’t have any as your bible is pseudoscience and pseudohistory. You don’t care it seems as you seem not to value intellectual honesty as you should. If you had scientific support you would offer it instead of the seeming fallacies of avoiding actually supporting your assumptions as I have done again and again. I am still waiting for more from you that is persuasive as evidence for your conspiracy theory of reality claims like that humanity is 6,000 to 10,000/20,000 years old held by no  credible current scientist dealing with the field of DNA. Rather this is what actual DNA research tells us: “The oldest known human DNA found yet reveals human evolution was even more confusing than before thought, researchers say. The genetic material came from the bone of a hominin living in what is now the Sima de los Huesos in Northern Spain approximately 400,000 years ago during the Middle Pleistocene.” https://www.livescience.com/41679-oldest-human-dna-reveals-mysterious-homnid.html

My response, As you brought up epistemology it is not a one thing it is a varied group of persuasions to add justification to what is claimed to be known. So if we are talking about math equations only, it is different than if we are referring to some peace of real world evidence. “Defined narrowly, epistemology is the study of knowledge and justified belief. As the study of knowledge, epistemology is concerned with the following questions: What are the necessary and sufficient conditions of knowledge? What are its sources? What is its structure, and what are its limits? As the study of justified belief, epistemology aims to answer questions such as: How we are to understand the concept of justification? What makes justified beliefs justified? Is justification internal or external to one’s own mind? Understood more broadly, epistemology is about issues having to do with the creation and dissemination of knowledge in particular areas of inquiry. This article will provide a systematic overview of the problems that the questions above raise and focus in some depth on issues relating to the structure and the limits of knowledge and justification.”  https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/epistemology/ 

“What do you mean?” – Christian Supporter   

My response, And I already told you depending on use I will use three standard theory of truth tools. A Pragmatic Theory of Truth to inquire or begin a presumption not to make truth claims from then Coherence theory of truth to evaluate ideas for internal consistency not use it for the external things. Then for external things I use the Correspondence Theory of Truth for external things. “The correspondence theory of truth states that the truth or falsity of a statement is determined only by how it relates to the world and whether it accurately describes (i.e., corresponds with) that world. Correspondence theories claim that true beliefs and true statements correspond to the actual state of affairs. This type of theory attempts to posit a relationship between thoughts or statements on one hand, and things or facts on the other.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correspondence_theory_of_truth

“So simply you believe that things that can be proven scientifically can be true?” – Christian Supporter   

My response, Again when are you going to actually offer valid justification for your unjustified claim of the bibles infallibility with the science I have shown discredits it? Do you not get attacking my thinking does not add justification to yours you need facts for your own burden of proof. You have not even honestly tried why is that? Some people as it would seem you are one think that by attacking another thinker that adds transfers justification to their thinking that they have failed to themselves justify. You need to add your own evidence to support the warrant to the justification you claim.

 My response, According to Luca Moretti and Tommaso Piazza, who writes for The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy and states, epistemologists’ attention is put to the fact that epistemic properties such as something being justified or something being known are often transmitted similarly, which means you have a sound reason to think that what is proposed is actually the case. Likewise, transmission success, which is similar to my thinking on an axiological presumptive value success, conceives of the term ‘warrant’ to refer to some kind of epistemic justification. When something is thought to be epistemically justified, it is known to be justified and thus, demands valid and reliable reason and evidence, and can be reproduced or shown to be so. In fact, most epistemologists investigating the epistemic transmission and transmission failure of epistemic justification is generally identified by the epistemic property capable of being transmitted with propositional justification, which is relating to a statement’s or assertion’s justification. Furthermore, a claim holder’s justification for a proposition, which is the primary bearers of truth-value, the objects of belief or “propositional attitudes” such as what is believed, doubted, etc., needs to be based on epistemic transmission or relating to evidence, knowledge, or cognition transmission to a proposition’s logical consequence of one’s belief quality. A logical consequence describes the relationship between propositions in a valid and sound way that can be shown to be true when one proposition logically follows from another and also guaranteeing the conclusion must be true. A successful transmission of a justification occurs, if and only if, when a claim holder has justification for believing one’s belief quality in epistemic virtue of the satisfaction that a claim holder has justification for believing a proposition based on epistemic transmission and knows that one’s belief quality is deducible from the proposition’s logical consequences. Epistemic virtue means that a belief proposition follows an ethical process, and thus is sensible to logical reasoning as well as intellectual honesty.
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/transmission-justification-warrant/,
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/propositions/#existence,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_consequence
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistemic_virtue 

“What do you mean by proof? Something that can be derived from facts or inferred from them?” – Christian Supporter   

My response, Are you going to keep evading offering evidence to substantiate your unjustified faith claim that the Bible is infallible on your believed young humanity? Here I was hoping you would be an honest thinker. 

“I think at this point it was be effortless to “prove” that the Bible is infallible without accepting that God is infallible, and the source of Scripture. I think you and I would agree that if anything begins to exist it has to have a cause. The cause of the infallibility of scripture is God who is infallible and the author of scripture.” – Christian Supporter   

My response, “The burden of proof lies with someone who is making a claim, and is not upon anyone else to disprove. The inability, or disinclination, to disprove a claim does not render that claim valid, nor give it any credence whatsoever. However it is important to note that we can never be certain of anything, and so we must assign value to any claim based on the available evidence, and to dismiss something on the basis that it hasn’t been proven beyond all doubt is also fallacious reasoning. Example: Bertrand declares that a teapot is, at this very moment, in orbit around the Sun between the Earth and Mars, and that because no one can prove him wrong, his claim is therefore a valid one.” https://yourlogicalfallacyis.com/burden-of-proo 

“1) Anything that BEGINS to exist has a cause for its existence.  2) the universe began to exist  Therefore the universe has a cause.  What is the best explaination for its existence?  My answer…God. and this is where Scripture comes into play.” – Christian Supporter  

My response, So still evading and throwing out a new thing not related to you showing warrant for your claim but as a detraction in its place. I have other things to do like finish editing my book to publish. But I thank you as I will add a little of this in there to show how people evade and think challenging others somehow adds transferred justification to what they claim even though it does not.  Here is my book cover with my art as well. 

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

The Tree of Lies and its Hidden Roots back cover writing:

Religions continuing in our modern world, full of science and facts, should be seen as little more than a set of irrational conspiracy theories of reality. Nothing more than a confused reality made up of unscientific echoes from man’s ancient past. Rational thinkers must ask themselves why continue to believe in religions’ stories. Religion myths which are nothing more than childlike stories and obsolete tales once used to explain how the world works, acting like magic was needed when it was always only nature. These childlike religious stories should not even be taken seriously, but sadly too often they are. Often without realizing it, we accumulate beliefs that we allow to negatively influence our lives. In order to bring about awareness, we need to be willing to alter skewed beliefs. Rational thinkers must examine the facts instead of blindly following beliefs or faith.

The door of reason opens not once but many times.

This book is a collection of researched information such as archaeology, history, linguistics, genetics, art, science, sociology, geography, psychology, philosophy, theology, biology, and zoology. It will make you question your beliefs with information, inquiries, and ideas to ponder and expand on. The two main goals are to expose the evolution of religion starting 100,000 years ago, and to offer challenges to remove the rationale of faith. It is like an intervention for belief in myths that have plagued humankind for way too long. We often think we know what truth is but nevertheless, this can be but a vantage point away from losing credibility, if we are not willing to follow valid and reliable reason and evidence. The door of reason opens not once but many times. Come on a journey to free thought where the war is against ignorance and the victor is a rational mind.

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

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Animism: Respecting the Living World by Graham Harvey 

“How have human cultures engaged with and thought about animals, plants, rocks, clouds, and other elements in their natural surroundings? Do animals and other natural objects have a spirit or soul? What is their relationship to humans? In this new study, Graham Harvey explores current and past animistic beliefs and practices of Native Americans, Maori, Aboriginal Australians, and eco-pagans. He considers the varieties of animism found in these cultures as well as their shared desire to live respectfully within larger natural communities. Drawing on his extensive casework, Harvey also considers the linguistic, performative, ecological, and activist implications of these different animisms.” ref

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

My thoughts on Religion Evolution with external links for more info:

“Religion is an Evolved Product” and Yes, Religion is Like Fear Given Wings…

Atheists talk about gods and religions for the same reason doctors talk about cancer, they are looking for a cure, or a firefighter talks about fires because they burn people and they care to stop them. We atheists too often feel a need to help the victims of mental slavery, held in the bondage that is the false beliefs of gods and the conspiracy theories of reality found in religions.

“Understanding Religion Evolution: Animism, Totemism, Shamanism, Paganism & Progressed organized religion”

Understanding Religion Evolution:

“An Archaeological/Anthropological Understanding of Religion Evolution”

It seems ancient peoples had to survived amazing threats in a “dangerous universe (by superstition perceived as good and evil),” and human “immorality or imperfection of the soul” which was thought to affect the still living, leading to ancestor worship. This ancestor worship presumably led to the belief in supernatural beings, and then some of these were turned into the belief in gods. This feeble myth called gods were just a human conceived “made from nothing into something over and over, changing, again and again, taking on more as they evolve, all the while they are thought to be special,” but it is just supernatural animistic spirit-belief perceived as sacred.

 

Quick Evolution of Religion?

Pre-Animism (at least 300,000 years ago) pre-religion is a beginning that evolves into later Animism. So, Religion as we think of it, to me, all starts in a general way with Animism (Africa: 100,000 years ago) (theoretical belief in supernatural powers/spirits), then this is physically expressed in or with Totemism (Europe: 50,000 years ago) (theoretical belief in mythical relationship with powers/spirits through a totem item), which then enlists a full-time specific person to do this worship and believed interacting Shamanism (Siberia/Russia: 30,000 years ago) (theoretical belief in access and influence with spirits through ritual), and then there is the further employment of myths and gods added to all the above giving you Paganism (Turkey: 12,000 years ago) (often a lot more nature-based than most current top world religions, thus hinting to their close link to more ancient religious thinking it stems from). My hypothesis is expressed with an explanation of the building of a theatrical house (modern religions development). Progressed organized religion (Egypt: 5,000 years ago)  with CURRENT “World” RELIGIONS (after 4,000 years ago).

Historically, in large city-state societies (such as Egypt or Iraq) starting around 5,000 years ago culminated to make religion something kind of new, a sociocultural-governmental-religious monarchy, where all or at least many of the people of such large city-state societies seem familiar with and committed to the existence of “religion” as the integrated life identity package of control dynamics with a fixed closed magical doctrine, but this juggernaut integrated religion identity package of Dogmatic-Propaganda certainly did not exist or if developed to an extent it was highly limited in most smaller prehistoric societies as they seem to lack most of the strong control dynamics with a fixed closed magical doctrine (magical beliefs could be at times be added or removed). Many people just want to see developed religious dynamics everywhere even if it is not. Instead, all that is found is largely fragments until the domestication of religion.

Religions, as we think of them today, are a new fad, even if they go back to around 6,000 years in the timeline of human existence, this amounts to almost nothing when seen in the long slow evolution of religion at least around 70,000 years ago with one of the oldest ritual worship. Stone Snake of South Africa: “first human worship” 70,000 years ago. This message of how religion and gods among them are clearly a man-made thing that was developed slowly as it was invented and then implemented peace by peace discrediting them all. Which seems to be a simple point some are just not grasping how devastating to any claims of truth when we can see the lie clearly in the archeological sites.

I wish people fought as hard for the actual values as they fight for the group/clan names political or otherwise they think support values. Every amount spent on war is theft to children in need of food or the homeless kept from shelter.

Here are several of my blog posts on history:

I am not an academic. I am a revolutionary that teaches in public, in places like social media, and in the streets. I am not a leader by some title given but from my commanding leadership style of simply to start teaching everywhere to everyone, all manner of positive education. 

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref 

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref 

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

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Low Gods “Earth” or Tutelary deity and High Gods “Sky” or Supreme deity

“An Earth goddess is a deification of the Earth. Earth goddesses are often associated with the “chthonic” deities of the underworld. Ki and Ninhursag are Mesopotamian earth goddesses. In Greek mythology, the Earth is personified as Gaia, corresponding to Roman Terra, Indic Prithvi/Bhūmi, etc. traced to an “Earth Mother” complementary to the “Sky Father” in Proto-Indo-European religion. Egyptian mythology exceptionally has a sky goddess and an Earth god.” ref

“A mother goddess is a goddess who represents or is a personification of nature, motherhood, fertility, creation, destruction or who embodies the bounty of the Earth. When equated with the Earth or the natural world, such goddesses are sometimes referred to as Mother Earth or as the Earth Mother. In some religious traditions or movements, Heavenly Mother (also referred to as Mother in Heaven or Sky Mother) is the wife or feminine counterpart of the Sky father or God the Father.” ref

“Any masculine sky god is often also king of the gods, taking the position of patriarch within a pantheon. Such king gods are collectively categorized as “sky father” deities, with a polarity between sky and earth often being expressed by pairing a “sky father” god with an “earth mother” goddess (pairings of a sky mother with an earth father are less frequent). A main sky goddess is often the queen of the gods and may be an air/sky goddess in her own right, though she usually has other functions as well with “sky” not being her main. In antiquity, several sky goddesses in ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, and the Near East were called Queen of Heaven. Neopagans often apply it with impunity to sky goddesses from other regions who were never associated with the term historically. The sky often has important religious significance. Many religions, both polytheistic and monotheistic, have deities associated with the sky.” ref

“In comparative mythology, sky father is a term for a recurring concept in polytheistic religions of a sky god who is addressed as a “father”, often the father of a pantheon and is often either a reigning or former King of the Gods. The concept of “sky father” may also be taken to include Sun gods with similar characteristics, such as Ra. The concept is complementary to an “earth mother“. “Sky Father” is a direct translation of the Vedic Dyaus Pita, etymologically descended from the same Proto-Indo-European deity name as the Greek Zeûs Pater and Roman Jupiter and Germanic Týr, Tir or Tiwaz, all of which are reflexes of the same Proto-Indo-European deity’s name, *Dyēus Ph₂tḗr. While there are numerous parallels adduced from outside of Indo-European mythology, there are exceptions (e.g. In Egyptian mythology, Nut is the sky mother and Geb is the earth father).” ref

Tutelary deity

“A tutelary (also tutelar) is a deity or spirit who is a guardian, patron, or protector of a particular place, geographic feature, person, lineage, nation, culture, or occupation. The etymology of “tutelary” expresses the concept of safety and thus of guardianship. In late Greek and Roman religion, one type of tutelary deity, the genius, functions as the personal deity or daimon of an individual from birth to death. Another form of personal tutelary spirit is the familiar spirit of European folklore.” ref

“A tutelary (also tutelar) in Korean shamanism, jangseung and sotdae were placed at the edge of villages to frighten off demons. They were also worshiped as deities. Seonangshin is the patron deity of the village in Korean tradition and was believed to embody the Seonangdang. In Philippine animism, Diwata or Lambana are deities or spirits that inhabit sacred places like mountains and mounds and serve as guardians. Such as: Maria Makiling is the deity who guards Mt. Makiling and Maria Cacao and Maria Sinukuan. In Shinto, the spirits, or kami, which give life to human bodies come from nature and return to it after death. Ancestors are therefore themselves tutelaries to be worshiped. And similarly, Native American beliefs such as Tonás, tutelary animal spirit among the Zapotec and Totems, familial or clan spirits among the Ojibwe, can be animals.” ref

“A tutelary (also tutelar) in Austronesian beliefs such as: Atua (gods and spirits of the Polynesian peoples such as the Māori or the Hawaiians), Hanitu (Bunun of Taiwan‘s term for spirit), Hyang (Kawi, Sundanese, Javanese, and Balinese Supreme Being, in ancient Java and Bali mythology and this spiritual entity, can be either divine or ancestral), Kaitiaki (New Zealand Māori term used for the concept of guardianship, for the sky, the sea, and the land), Kawas (mythology) (divided into 6 groups: gods, ancestors, souls of the living, spirits of living things, spirits of lifeless objects, and ghosts), Tiki (Māori mythology, Tiki is the first man created by either Tūmatauenga or Tāne and represents deified ancestors found in most Polynesian cultures). ” ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref

Mesopotamian Tutelary Deities can be seen as ones related to City-States 

“Historical city-states included Sumerian cities such as Uruk and Ur; Ancient Egyptian city-states, such as Thebes and Memphis; the Phoenician cities (such as Tyre and Sidon); the five Philistine city-states; the Berber city-states of the Garamantes; the city-states of ancient Greece (the poleis such as Athens, Sparta, Thebes, and Corinth); the Roman Republic (which grew from a city-state into a vast empire); the Italian city-states from the Middle Ages to the early modern period, such as Florence, Siena, Ferrara, Milan (which as they grew in power began to dominate neighboring cities) and Genoa and Venice, which became powerful thalassocracies; the Mayan and other cultures of pre-Columbian Mesoamerica (including cities such as Chichen Itza, Tikal, Copán and Monte Albán); the central Asian cities along the Silk Road; the city-states of the Swahili coast; Ragusa; states of the medieval Russian lands such as Novgorod and Pskov; and many others.” ref

“The Uruk period (ca. 4000 to 3100 BCE; also known as Protoliterate period) of Mesopotamia, named after the Sumerian city of Uruk, this period saw the emergence of urban life in Mesopotamia and the Sumerian civilization. City-States like Uruk and others had a patron tutelary City Deity along with a Priest-King.” ref

“Chinese folk religion, both past, and present, includes myriad tutelary deities. Exceptional individuals, highly cultivated sages, and prominent ancestors can be deified and honored after death. Lord Guan is the patron of military personnel and police, while Mazu is the patron of fishermen and sailors. Such as Tu Di Gong (Earth Deity) is the tutelary deity of a locality, and each individual locality has its own Earth Deity and Cheng Huang Gong (City God) is the guardian deity of an individual city, worshipped by local officials and locals since imperial times.” ref

“A tutelary (also tutelar) in Hinduism, personal tutelary deities are known as ishta-devata, while family tutelary deities are known as Kuladevata. Gramadevata are guardian deities of villages. Devas can also be seen as tutelary. Shiva is the patron of yogis and renunciants. City goddesses include: Mumbadevi (Mumbai), Sachchika (Osian); Kuladevis include: Ambika (Porwad), and Mahalakshmi. In NorthEast India Meitei mythology and religion (Sanamahism) of Manipur, there are various types of tutelary deities, among which Lam Lais are the most predominant ones. Tibetan Buddhism has Yidam as a tutelary deity. Dakini is the patron of those who seek knowledge.” ref

“A tutelary (also tutelar) The Greeks also thought deities guarded specific places: for instance, Athena was the patron goddess of the city of Athens. Socrates spoke of hearing the voice of his personal spirit or daimonion:

You have often heard me speak of an oracle or sign which comes to me … . This sign I have had ever since I was a child. The sign is a voice which comes to me and always forbids me to do something which I am going to do, but never commands me to do anything, and this is what stands in the way of my being a politician.” ref

“Tutelary deities who guard and preserve a place or a person are fundamental to ancient Roman religion. The tutelary deity of a man was his Genius, that of a woman her Juno. In the Imperial era, the Genius of the Emperor was a focus of Imperial cult. An emperor might also adopt a major deity as his personal patron or tutelary, as Augustus did Apollo. Precedents for claiming the personal protection of a deity were established in the Republican era, when for instance the Roman dictator Sulla advertised the goddess Victory as his tutelary by holding public games (ludi) in her honor.” ref

“Each town or city had one or more tutelary deities, whose protection was considered particularly vital in time of war and siege. Rome itself was protected by a goddess whose name was to be kept ritually secret on pain of death (for a supposed case, see Quintus Valerius Soranus). The Capitoline Triad of Juno, Jupiter, and Minerva were also tutelaries of Rome. The Italic towns had their own tutelary deities. Juno often had this function, as at the Latin town of Lanuvium and the Etruscan city of Veii, and was often housed in an especially grand temple on the arx (citadel) or other prominent or central location. The tutelary deity of Praeneste was Fortuna, whose oracle was renowned.” ref

“The Roman ritual of evocatio was premised on the belief that a town could be made vulnerable to military defeat if the power of its tutelary deity were diverted outside the city, perhaps by the offer of superior cult at Rome. The depiction of some goddesses such as the Magna Mater (Great Mother, or Cybele) as “tower-crowned” represents their capacity to preserve the city. A town in the provinces might adopt a deity from within the Roman religious sphere to serve as its guardian, or syncretize its own tutelary with such; for instance, a community within the civitas of the Remi in Gaul adopted Apollo as its tutelary, and at the capital of the Remi (present-day Rheims), the tutelary was Mars Camulus.” ref 

Household deity (a kind of or related to a Tutelary deity)

“A household deity is a deity or spirit that protects the home, looking after the entire household or certain key members. It has been a common belief in paganism as well as in folklore across many parts of the world. Household deities fit into two types; firstly, a specific deity – typically a goddess – often referred to as a hearth goddess or domestic goddess who is associated with the home and hearth, such as the ancient Greek Hestia.” ref

“The second type of household deities are those that are not one singular deity, but a type, or species of animistic deity, who usually have lesser powers than major deities. This type was common in the religions of antiquity, such as the Lares of ancient Roman religion, the Gashin of Korean shamanism, and Cofgodas of Anglo-Saxon paganism. These survived Christianisation as fairy-like creatures existing in folklore, such as the Anglo-Scottish Brownie and Slavic Domovoy.” ref

“Household deities were usually worshipped not in temples but in the home, where they would be represented by small idols (such as the teraphim of the Bible, often translated as “household gods” in Genesis 31:19 for example), amulets, paintings, or reliefs. They could also be found on domestic objects, such as cosmetic articles in the case of Tawaret. The more prosperous houses might have a small shrine to the household god(s); the lararium served this purpose in the case of the Romans. The gods would be treated as members of the family and invited to join in meals, or be given offerings of food and drink.” ref

“In many religions, both ancient and modern, a god would preside over the home. Certain species, or types, of household deities, existed. An example of this was the Roman Lares. Many European cultures retained house spirits into the modern period. Some examples of these include:

“Although the cosmic status of household deities was not as lofty as that of the Twelve Olympians or the Aesir, they were also jealous of their dignity and also had to be appeased with shrines and offerings, however humble. Because of their immediacy they had arguably more influence on the day-to-day affairs of men than the remote gods did. Vestiges of their worship persisted long after Christianity and other major religions extirpated nearly every trace of the major pagan pantheons. Elements of the practice can be seen even today, with Christian accretions, where statues to various saints (such as St. Francis) protect gardens and grottos. Even the gargoyles found on older churches, could be viewed as guardians partitioning a sacred space.” ref

“For centuries, Christianity fought a mop-up war against these lingering minor pagan deities, but they proved tenacious. For example, Martin Luther‘s Tischreden have numerous – quite serious – references to dealing with kobolds. Eventually, rationalism and the Industrial Revolution threatened to erase most of these minor deities, until the advent of romantic nationalism rehabilitated them and embellished them into objects of literary curiosity in the 19th century. Since the 20th century this literature has been mined for characters for role-playing games, video games, and other fantasy personae, not infrequently invested with invented traits and hierarchies somewhat different from their mythological and folkloric roots.” ref

“In contradistinction to both Herbert Spencer and Edward Burnett Tylor, who defended theories of animistic origins of ancestor worship, Émile Durkheim saw its origin in totemism. In reality, this distinction is somewhat academic, since totemism may be regarded as a particularized manifestation of animism, and something of a synthesis of the two positions was attempted by Sigmund Freud. In Freud’s Totem and Taboo, both totem and taboo are outward expressions or manifestations of the same psychological tendency, a concept which is complementary to, or which rather reconciles, the apparent conflict. Freud preferred to emphasize the psychoanalytic implications of the reification of metaphysical forces, but with particular emphasis on its familial nature. This emphasis underscores, rather than weakens, the ancestral component.” ref

“William Edward Hearn, a noted classicist, and jurist, traced the origin of domestic deities from the earliest stages as an expression of animism, a belief system thought to have existed also in the neolithic, and the forerunner of Indo-European religion. In his analysis of the Indo-European household, in Chapter II “The House Spirit”, Section 1, he states:

The belief which guided the conduct of our forefathers was … the spirit rule of dead ancestors.” ref

“In Section 2 he proceeds to elaborate:

It is thus certain that the worship of deceased ancestors is a vera causa, and not a mere hypothesis. …

In the other European nations, the Slavs, the Teutons, and the Kelts, the House Spirit appears with no less distinctness. … [T]he existence of that worship does not admit of doubt. … The House Spirits had a multitude of other names which it is needless here to enumerate, but all of which are more or less expressive of their friendly relations with man. … In [England] … [h]e is the Brownie. … In Scotland this same Brownie is well known. He is usually described as attached to particular families, with whom he has been known to reside for centuries, threshing the corn, cleaning the house, and performing similar household tasks. His favorite gratification was milk and honey.” ref

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

ref, ref

Hinduism around 3,700 to 3,500 years old. ref

 Judaism around 3,450 or 3,250 years old. (The first writing in the bible was “Paleo-Hebrew” dated to around 3,000 years ago Khirbet Qeiyafa is the site of an ancient fortress city overlooking the Elah Valley. And many believe the religious Jewish texts were completed around 2,500) ref, ref

Judaism is around 3,450 or 3,250 years old. (“Paleo-Hebrew” 3,000 years ago and Torah 2,500 years ago)

“Judaism is an Abrahamic, its roots as an organized religion in the Middle East during the Bronze Age. Some scholars argue that modern Judaism evolved from Yahwism, the religion of ancient Israel and Judah, by the late 6th century BCE, and is thus considered to be one of the oldest monotheistic religions.” ref

“Yahwism is the name given by modern scholars to the religion of ancient Israel, essentially polytheistic, with a plethora of gods and goddesses. Heading the pantheon was Yahweh, the national god of the Israelite kingdoms of Israel and Judah, with his consort, the goddess Asherah; below them were second-tier gods and goddesses such as Baal, Shamash, Yarikh, Mot, and Astarte, all of whom had their own priests and prophets and numbered royalty among their devotees, and a third and fourth tier of minor divine beings, including the mal’ak, the messengers of the higher gods, who in later times became the angels of Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Yahweh, however, was not the ‘original’ god of Israel “Isra-El”; it is El, the head of the Canaanite pantheon, whose name forms the basis of the name “Israel”, and none of the Old Testament patriarchs, the tribes of Israel, the Judges, or the earliest monarchs, have a Yahwistic theophoric name (i.e., one incorporating the name of Yahweh).” ref

“El is a Northwest Semitic word meaning “god” or “deity“, or referring (as a proper name) to any one of multiple major ancient Near Eastern deities. A rarer form, ‘ila, represents the predicate form in Old Akkadian and in Amorite. The word is derived from the Proto-Semitic *ʔil-, meaning “god”. Specific deities known as ‘El or ‘Il include the supreme god of the ancient Canaanite religion and the supreme god of East Semitic speakers in Mesopotamia’s Early Dynastic Period. ʼĒl is listed at the head of many pantheons. In some Canaanite and Ugaritic sources, ʼĒl played a role as father of the gods, of creation, or both. For example, in the Ugaritic texts, ʾil mlk is understood to mean “ʼĒl the King” but ʾil hd as “the god Hadad“. The Semitic root ʾlh (Arabic ʾilāh, Aramaic ʾAlāh, ʾElāh, Hebrew ʾelōah) may be ʾl with a parasitic h, and ʾl may be an abbreviated form of ʾlh. In Ugaritic the plural form meaning “gods” is ʾilhm, equivalent to Hebrew ʾelōhîm “powers”. In the Hebrew texts this word is interpreted as being semantically singular for “god” by biblical commentators. However the documentary hypothesis for the Old Testament (corresponds to the Jewish Torah) developed originally in the 1870s, identifies these that different authors – the Jahwist, Elohist, Deuteronomist, and the Priestly source – were responsible for editing stories from a polytheistic religion into those of a monotheistic religion. Inconsistencies that arise between monotheism and polytheism in the texts are reflective of this hypothesis.” ref

 

Jainism around 2,599 – 2,527 years old. ref

Confucianism around 2,600 – 2,551 years old. ref

Buddhism around 2,563/2,480 – 2,483/2,400 years old. ref

Christianity around 2,o00 years old. ref

Shinto around 1,305 years old. ref

Islam around 1407–1385 years old. ref

Sikhism around 548–478 years old. ref

Bahá’í around 200–125 years old. ref

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref

Knowledge to Ponder: 

Stars/Astrology:

  • Possibly, around 30,000 years ago (in simpler form) to 6,000 years ago, Stars/Astrology are connected to Ancestors, Spirit Animals, and Deities.
  • The star also seems to be a possible proto-star for Star of Ishtar, Star of Inanna, or Star of Venus.
  • Around 7,000 to 6,000 years ago, Star Constellations/Astrology have connections to the “Kurgan phenomenon” of below-ground “mound” stone/wood burial structures and “Dolmen phenomenon” of above-ground stone burial structures.
  • Around 6,500–5,800 years ago, The Northern Levant migrations into Jordon and Israel in the Southern Levant brought new cultural and religious transfer from Turkey and Iran.
  • “The Ghassulian Star,” a mysterious 6,000-year-old mural from Jordan may have connections to the European paganstic kurgan/dolmens phenomenon.

“Astrology is a range of divinatory practices, recognized as pseudoscientific since the 18th century, that claim to discern information about human affairs and terrestrial events by studying the apparent positions of celestial objects. Different cultures have employed forms of astrology since at least the 2nd millennium BCE, these practices having originated in calendrical systems used to predict seasonal shifts and to interpret celestial cycles as signs of divine communications. Most, if not all, cultures have attached importance to what they observed in the sky, and some—such as the Hindus, Chinese, and the Maya—developed elaborate systems for predicting terrestrial events from celestial observations. Western astrology, one of the oldest astrological systems still in use, can trace its roots to 19th–17th century BCE Mesopotamia, from where it spread to Ancient Greece, Rome, the Islamicate world and eventually Central and Western Europe. Contemporary Western astrology is often associated with systems of horoscopes that purport to explain aspects of a person’s personality and predict significant events in their lives based on the positions of celestial objects; the majority of professional astrologers rely on such systems.” ref 

Around 5,500 years ago, Science evolves, The first evidence of science was 5,500 years ago and was demonstrated by a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge about the natural world. ref

Around 5,000 years ago, Origin of Logics is a Naturalistic Observation (principles of valid reasoning, inference, & demonstration) ref

Around 4,150 to 4,000 years ago: The earliest surviving versions of the Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh, which was originally titled “He who Saw the Deep” (Sha naqba īmuru) or “Surpassing All Other Kings” (Shūtur eli sharrī) were written. ref

Hinduism:

  • 3,700 years ago or so, the oldest of the Hindu Vedas (scriptures), the Rig Veda was composed.
  • 3,500 years ago or so, the Vedic Age began in India after the collapse of the Indus Valley Civilization.

Judaism:

  • around 3,000 years ago, the first writing in the bible was “Paleo-Hebrew”
  • around 2,500 years ago, many believe the religious Jewish texts were completed

Myths: The bible inspired religion is not just one religion or one myth but a grouping of several religions and myths

  • Around 3,450 or 3,250 years ago, according to legend, is the traditionally accepted period in which the Israelite lawgiver, Moses, provided the Ten Commandments.
  • Around 2,500 to 2,400 years ago, a collection of ancient religious writings by the Israelites based primarily upon the Hebrew Bible, Tanakh, or Old Testament is the first part of Christianity’s bible.
  • Around 2,400 years ago, the most accepted hypothesis is that the canon was formed in stages, first the Pentateuch (Torah).
  • Around 2,140 to 2,116 years ago, the Prophets was written during the Hasmonean dynasty, and finally the remaining books.
  • Christians traditionally divide the Old Testament into four sections:
  • The first five books or Pentateuch (Torah).
  • The proposed history books telling the history of the Israelites from their conquest of Canaan to their defeat and exile in Babylon.
  • The poetic and proposed “Wisdom books” dealing, in various forms, with questions of good and evil in the world.
  • The books of the biblical prophets, warning of the consequences of turning away from God:
  • Henotheism:
  • Exodus 20:23 “You shall not make other gods besides Me (not saying there are no other gods just not to worship them); gods of silver or gods of gold, you shall not make for yourselves.”
  • Polytheism:
  • Judges 10:6 “Then the sons of Israel again did evil in the sight of the LORD, served the Baals and the Ashtaroth, the gods of Aram, the gods of Sidon, the gods of Moab, the gods of the sons of Ammon, and the gods of the Philistines; thus they forsook the LORD and did not serve Him.”
  • 1 Corinthians 8:5 “For even if there are so-called gods whether in heaven or on earth, as indeed there are many gods and many lords.”
  • Monotheism:
  • Isaiah 43:10 “You are my witnesses,” declares the LORD, “and my servant whom I have chosen, so that you may know and believe me and understand that I am he. Before me no god was formed, nor will there be one after me.

Around 2,570 to 2,270 Years Ago, there is a confirmation of atheistic doubting as well as atheistic thinking, mainly by Greek philosophers. However, doubting gods is likely as old as the invention of gods and should destroy the thinking that belief in god(s) is the “default belief”. The Greek word is apistos (a “not” and pistos “faithful,”), thus not faithful or faithless because one is unpersuaded and unconvinced by a god(s) claim. Short Definition: unbelieving, unbeliever, or unbelief.

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

Expressions of Atheistic Thinking:

  • Around 2,600 years ago, Ajita Kesakambali, ancient Indian philosopher, who is the first known proponent of Indian materialism. ref
  • Around 2,535 to 2,475 years ago, Heraclitus, Greek pre-Socratic philosopher, a native of the Greek city Ephesus, Ionia, on the coast of Anatolia, also known as Asia Minor or modern Turkey. ref
  • Around 2,500 to 2,400 years ago, according to The Story of Civilization book series certain African pygmy tribes have no identifiable gods, spirits, or religious beliefs or rituals, and even what burials accrue are without ceremony. ref
  • Around 2,490 to 2,430 years ago, Empedocles, Greek pre-Socratic philosopher and a citizen of Agrigentum, a Greek city in Sicily. ref
  • Around 2,460 to 2,370 years ago, Democritus, Greek pre-Socratic philosopher considered to be the “father of modern science” possibly had some disbelief amounting to atheism. ref
  • Around 2,399 years ago or so, Socrates, a famous Greek philosopher was tried for sinfulness by teaching doubt of state gods. ref
  • Around 2,341 to 2,270 years ago, Epicurus, a Greek philosopher known for composing atheistic critics and famously stated, “Is God willing to prevent evil, but not able? Then he is not omnipotent. Is he able, but not willing? Then he is malevolent. Is he both able and willing? Then whence cometh evil? Is he neither able nor willing? Then why call him god?” ref

This last expression by Epicurus, seems to be an expression of Axiological Atheism. To understand and utilize value or actually possess “Value Conscious/Consciousness” to both give a strong moral “axiological” argument (the problem of evil) as well as use it to fortify humanism and positive ethical persuasion of human helping and care responsibilities. Because value-blindness gives rise to sociopathic/psychopathic evil.

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

ref, ref, ref

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

While hallucinogens are associated with shamanism, it is alcohol that is associated with paganism.

The Atheist-Humanist-Leftist Revolutionaries Shows in the prehistory series:

Show one: Prehistory: related to “Anarchism and Socialism” the division of labor, power, rights, and recourses.

Show two: Pre-animism 300,000 years old and animism 100,000 years old: related to “Anarchism and Socialism”

Show tree: Totemism 50,000 years old: related to “Anarchism and Socialism”

Show four: Shamanism 30,000 years old: related to “Anarchism and Socialism”

Show five: Paganism 12,000 years old: related to “Anarchism and Socialism”

Show six: Emergence of hierarchy, sexism, slavery, and the new male god dominance: Paganism 7,000-5,000 years old: related to “Anarchism and Socialism” (Capitalism) (World War 0) Elite and their slaves!

Show seven: Paganism 5,000 years old: progressed organized religion and the state: related to “Anarchism and Socialism” (Kings and the Rise of the State)

Show eight: Paganism 4,000 years old: Moralistic gods after the rise of Statism and often support Statism/Kings: related to “Anarchism and Socialism” (First Moralistic gods, then the Origin time of Monotheism)

Prehistory: related to “Anarchism and Socialism” the division of labor, power, rights, and recourses: VIDEO

Pre-animism 300,000 years old and animism 100,000 years old: related to “Anarchism and Socialism”: VIDEO

Totemism 50,000 years old: related to “Anarchism and Socialism”: VIDEO

Shamanism 30,000 years old: related to “Anarchism and Socialism”: VIDEO

Paganism 12,000 years old: related to “Anarchism and Socialism” (Pre-Capitalism): VIDEO

Paganism 7,000-5,000 years old: related to “Anarchism and Socialism” (Capitalism) (World War 0) Elite and their slaves: VIEDO

Paganism 5,000 years old: progressed organized religion and the state: related to “Anarchism and Socialism” (Kings and the Rise of the State): VIEDO

Paganism 4,000 years old: related to “Anarchism and Socialism” (First Moralistic gods, then the Origin time of Monotheism): VIEDO

I do not hate simply because I challenge and expose myths or lies any more than others being thought of as loving simply because of the protection and hiding from challenge their favored myths or lies.

The truth is best championed in the sunlight of challenge.

An archaeologist once said to me “Damien religion and culture are very different”

My response, So are you saying that was always that way, such as would you say Native Americans’ cultures are separate from their religions? And do you think it always was the way you believe?

I had said that religion was a cultural product. That is still how I see it and there are other archaeologists that think close to me as well. Gods too are the myths of cultures that did not understand science or the world around them, seeing magic/supernatural everywhere.

I personally think there is a goddess and not enough evidence to support a male god at Çatalhöyük but if there was both a male and female god and goddess then I know the kind of gods they were like Proto-Indo-European mythology.

This series idea was addressed in, Anarchist Teaching as Free Public Education or Free Education in the Public: VIDEO

Our 12 video series: Organized Oppression: Mesopotamian State Force and the Politics of power (9,000-4,000 years ago), is adapted from: The Complete and Concise History of the Sumerians and Early Bronze Age Mesopotamia (7000-2000 BC): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=szFjxmY7jQA by “History with Cy“

Show #1: Mesopotamian State Force and the Politics of Power (Samarra, Halaf, Ubaid)

Show #2: Mesopotamian State Force and the Politics of Power (Eridu: First City of Power)

Show #3: Mesopotamian State Force and the Politics of Power (Uruk and the First Cities)

Show #4: Mesopotamian State Force and the Politics of Power (First Kings)

Show #5: Mesopotamian State Force and the Politics of Power (Early Dynastic Period)

Show #6: Mesopotamian State Force and the Politics of Power (King Lugalzagesi and the First Empire)

Show #7: Mesopotamian State Force and the Politics of Power (Sargon and Akkadian Rule)

Show #8: Mesopotamian State Force and the Politics of Power (Naram-Sin, Post-Akkadian Rule, and the Gutians)

Show #9: Mesopotamian State Force and the Politics of Power (Gudea of Lagash and Utu-hegal)

Show #10: Mesopotamian State Force and the Politics of Power (Third Dynasty of Ur / Neo-Sumerian Empire)

Show #11: Mesopotamian State Force and the Politics of Power (Amorites, Elamites, and the End of an Era)

Show #12: Mesopotamian State Force and the Politics of Power (Aftermath and Legacy of Sumer)

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

The “Atheist-Humanist-Leftist Revolutionaries”

Cory Johnston ☭ Ⓐ Atheist Leftist @Skepticallefty & I (Damien Marie AtHope) @AthopeMarie (my YouTube & related blog) are working jointly in atheist, antitheist, antireligionist, antifascist, anarchist, socialist, and humanist endeavors in our videos together, generally, every other Saturday.

Why Does Power Bring Responsibility?

Think, how often is it the powerless that start wars, oppress others, or commit genocide? So, I guess the question is to us all, to ask, how can power not carry responsibility in a humanity concept? I know I see the deep ethical responsibility that if there is power their must be a humanistic responsibility of ethical and empathic stewardship of that power. Will I be brave enough to be kind? Will I possess enough courage to be compassionate? Will my valor reach its height of empathy? I as everyone, earns our justified respect by our actions, that are good, ethical, just, protecting, and kind. Do I have enough self-respect to put my love for humanity’s flushing, over being brought down by some of its bad actors? May we all be the ones doing good actions in the world, to help human flourishing.

I create the world I want to live in, striving for flourishing. Which is not a place but a positive potential involvement and promotion; a life of humanist goal precision. To master oneself, also means mastering positive prosocial behaviors needed for human flourishing. I may have lost a god myth as an atheist, but I am happy to tell you, my friend, it is exactly because of that, leaving the mental terrorizer, god belief, that I truly regained my connected ethical as well as kind humanity.

Cory and I will talk about prehistory and theism, addressing the relevance to atheism, anarchism, and socialism.

At the same time as the rise of the male god, 7,000 years ago, there was also the very time there was the rise of violence, war, and clans to kingdoms, then empires, then states. It is all connected back to 7,000 years ago, and it moved across the world.

Cory Johnston: https://damienmarieathope.com/2021/04/cory-johnston-mind-of-a-skeptical-leftist/?v=32aec8db952d  

The Mind of a Skeptical Leftist (YouTube)

Cory Johnston: Mind of a Skeptical Leftist @Skepticallefty

The Mind of a Skeptical Leftist By Cory Johnston: “Promoting critical thinking, social justice, and left-wing politics by covering current events and talking to a variety of people. Cory Johnston has been thoughtfully talking to people and attempting to promote critical thinking, social justice, and left-wing politics.” http://anchor.fm/skepticalleft

Cory needs our support. We rise by helping each other.

Cory Johnston ☭ Ⓐ @Skepticallefty Evidence-based atheist leftist (he/him) Producer, host, and co-host of 4 podcasts @skeptarchy @skpoliticspod and @AthopeMarie

Damien Marie AtHope (“At Hope”) Axiological Atheist, Anti-theist, Anti-religionist, Secular Humanist. Rationalist, Writer, Artist, Poet, Philosopher, Advocate, Activist, Psychology, and Armchair Archaeology/Anthropology/Historian.

Damien is interested in: Freedom, Liberty, Justice, Equality, Ethics, Humanism, Science, Atheism, Antiteism, Antireligionism, Ignosticism, Left-Libertarianism, Anarchism, Socialism, Mutualism, Axiology, Metaphysics, LGBTQI, Philosophy, Advocacy, Activism, Mental Health, Psychology, Archaeology, Social Work, Sexual Rights, Marriage Rights, Woman’s Rights, Gender Rights, Child Rights, Secular Rights, Race Equality, Ageism/Disability Equality, Etc. And a far-leftist, “Anarcho-Humanist.”

I am not a good fit in the atheist movement that is mostly pro-capitalist, I am anti-capitalist. Mostly pro-skeptic, I am a rationalist not valuing skepticism. Mostly pro-agnostic, I am anti-agnostic. Mostly limited to anti-Abrahamic religions, I am an anti-religionist. 

To me, the “male god” seems to have either emerged or become prominent around 7,000 years ago, whereas the now favored monotheism “male god” is more like 4,000 years ago or so. To me, the “female goddess” seems to have either emerged or become prominent around 11,000-10,000 years ago or so, losing the majority of its once prominence around 2,000 years ago due largely to the now favored monotheism “male god” that grow in prominence after 4,000 years ago or so. 

My Thought on the Evolution of Gods?

Animal protector deities from old totems/spirit animal beliefs come first to me, 13,000/12,000 years ago, then women as deities 11,000/10,000 years ago, then male gods around 7,000/8,000 years ago. Moralistic gods around 5,000/4,000 years ago, and monotheistic gods around 4,000/3,000 years ago. 

Gods?
 
“Animism” is needed to begin supernatural thinking.
“Totemism” is needed for supernatural thinking connecting human actions & related to clan/tribe.
“Shamanism” is needed for supernatural thinking to be controllable/changeable by special persons.
 
Together = Gods/paganism

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

Damien Marie AtHope (Said as “At” “Hope”)/(Autodidact Polymath but not good at math):

Axiological Atheist, Anti-theist, Anti-religionist, Secular Humanist, Rationalist, Writer, Artist, Jeweler, Poet, “autodidact” Philosopher, schooled in Psychology, and “autodidact” Armchair Archaeology/Anthropology/Pre-Historian (Knowledgeable in the range of: 1 million to 5,000/4,000 years ago). I am an anarchist socialist politically. Reasons for or Types of Atheism

My Website, My Blog, & Short-writing or Quotes, My YouTube, Twitter: @AthopeMarie, and My Email: damien.marie.athope@gmail.com

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