Epigravettians Join the Religious Partying at Gobekli Tepe?

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

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Trialetian culture (16,000–8000 years ago) the Caucasus, Iran, and Turkey, likely involved in Göbekli Tepe. Migration 1?

Haplogroup R possible time of origin about 27,000 years in Central Asia, South Asia, or Siberia:

• Mal’ta–Buret’ culture (24,000-15,000 years ago)
• Afontova Gora culture (21,000-12,000 years ago)
• Trialetian culture (16,000–8000 years ago)
• Samara culture (7,000-6,500 years ago)
• Khvalynsk culture (7,000-6,500 years ago)
• Afanasievo culture (5,300-4,500 years ago)
• Yamna/Yamnaya Culture (5,300-4,500 years ago)
• Andronovo culture (4,000–2,900 years ago) ref

Trialetian sites

Caucasus and Transcaucasia:

• Edzani (Georgia)
• Chokh (Azerbaijan), layers E-C200
• Kotias Klde, layer B” ref

Eastern Anatolia:

• Hallan Çemi[9] (from ca. 8.6-8.5k BC to 7.6-7.5k BCE)
• Nevali Çori shows some Trialetian admixture in a PPNB context” ref

Trialetian influences can also be found in:

• Cafer Höyük
• Boy Tepe” ref

Southeast of the Caspian Sea:

• Hotu (Iran)
• Ali Tepe (Iran) (from cal. 10,500  to 8,870 BCE)
• Belt Cave (Iran), layers 28-11 (the last remains date from ca. 6,000 BCE)
• Dam-Dam-Cheshme II (Turkmenistan), layers7,000-3,000 BCE)” ref

“The belonging of these Caspian Mesolithic sites to the Trialetian has been questioned. Little is known about the end of the Trialetian. 6k BC has been proposed as the time on which the decline phase took place. From this date are the first evidence of the Jeitunian, an industry that has probably evolved from the Trialetian. Also from this date are the first pieces of evidence of Neolithic materials in the Belt cave.” ref

“In the southwest corner of the Trialetian region it has been proposed that this culture evolved towards a local version of the PPNB around 7,000 BCE, in sites as Cafer Höyük. Kozłowski suggests that the Trialetian does not seem to have continuation in the Neolithic of Georgia (as for example in Paluri and Kobuleti). Although in the 5,000 BCE certain microliths similar to those of the Trialetian reappear in Shulaveris Gora (see Shulaveri-Shomu) and Irmis Gora.” ref

“The genome of a Mesolithic hunter-gatherer individual found at the layer A2 of the Kotias Klde rock shelter in Georgia (labeled KK1), dating from 9,700 years ago, has been analyzed. This individual forms a genetic cluster with another hunter-gatherer from the Satsurblia Cave, the so-called Caucasian Hunter-Gatherer (CHG) cluster. KK1 belongs to the Y-chromosome haplogruoup J2a (an independent analysis has assigned him J2a1b-Y12379*).” ref

“Although the belonging of the Caspian Mesolithic to the Trialetian has been questioned, it is worth noting that genetic similarities have been found between an Mesolithic hunther-gatherer from the Hotu cave (labeled Iran_HotuIIIb) dating from 9,100-8,600 BCE and the CHG from Kotias Klde. The Iran_HotuIIIb individual belongs to the Y-chromosome haplogroup J (xJ2a1b3, J2b2a1a1) (an independent analysis yields J2a-CTS1085(xCTS11251,PF5073) -probably J2a2-). Then, both KK1 and Iran_HotuIIIb individuals share a paternal ancestor that lived approximately 18.7k years ago (according to the estimates of full). At the autosomal level, it falls in the cluster of the CHG’s and the Iranian Neolithic Farmers.” ref

“Göbekli Tepe (“Potbelly Hill”) is a Neolithic archaeological site near the city of Şanlıurfa in Southeastern Anatolia, Turkey. Dated to the Pre-Pottery Neolithic, between c. 9500 and 8000 BCE, the site comprises a number of large circular structures supported by massive stone pillars – the world’s oldest known megaliths. Many of these pillars are richly decorated with abstract anthropomorphic details, clothing, and reliefs of wild animals, providing archaeologists rare insights into prehistoric religion and the particular iconography of the period..” ref

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

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Here are my thoughts/speculations on where I believe is the possible origin of shamanism, which may have begun sometime around 35,000 to 30,000 years ago seen in the emergence of the Gravettian culture, just to outline his thinking, on what thousands of years later led to evolved Asian shamanism, in general, and thus WU shamanism as well. In both Europe-related “shamanism-possible burials” and in Gravettian mitochondrial DNA is a seeming connection to Haplogroup U. And the first believed Shaman proposed burial belonged to Eastern Gravettians/Pavlovian culture at Dolní Věstonice in southern Moravia in the Czech Republic, which is the oldest permanent human settlement that has ever been found. It is at Dolní Věstonice where approximately 27,000-25,000 years ago a seeming female shaman was buried and also there was an ivory totem portrait figure, seemingly of her.

And my thoughts on how cultural/ritual aspects were influenced in the area of Göbekli Tepe. I think it relates to a few different cultures starting in the area before the Neolithic. Two different groups of Siberians first from northwest Siberia with U6 haplogroup 40,000 to 30,000 or so. Then R Haplogroup (mainly haplogroup R1b but also some possible R1a both related to the Ancient North Eurasians). This second group added its “R1b” DNA of around 50% to the two cultures Natufian and Trialetian. To me, it is likely both of these cultures helped create Göbekli Tepe. Then I think the female art or graffiti seen at Göbekli Tepe to me possibly relates to the Epigravettians that made it into Turkey and have similar art in North Italy. I speculate that possibly the Totem pole figurines seen first at Kostenki, next went to Mal’ta in Siberia as seen in their figurines that also seem “Totem-pole-like”, and then with the migrations of R1a it may have inspired the Shigir idol in Russia and the migrations of R1b may have inspired Göbekli Tepe.

Seeming Connections: Totem poles, Ceremonial poles, Spirit poles, Sacred poles, Deity poles, Deities with poles, Pole star, Axis Mundi, Sacred trees, World tree, Maypole, Sun Dance with poles, etc.

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art 

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“Woman of Caviglione cave/Cavillon cave, Liguria, (Italy) involved evidence of a ceremonial burial of an adult female wearing a cap of more than 200 shells with a border of deer’s teeth, red ochre around the face, and a bone awl at the side. The lady Cavillon was first believed to be a man so was dubbed “The Man of Menton”. In this cave, the tomb of the Lady of Cavillon, who died aged thirty-seven 24,000 years ago, was discovered.  Interestingly, this woman was adorned with a funerary headpiece, which suggests that the people of this time might have believed in life after death.” Ref, Ref, Ref, Ref 

“The single burial, discovered in the cave of Caviglione held a woman and a possible shaman wearing a seeming headgear of shells and deer teeth. The body was covered with red ocher, buried on her left side, facing west, with the hands close to his face and legs folded.” ref

“She had been encased in an external coating of red hematite –armor that prevents the soft tissues from rotting away. The colored corpse is telling us, “I remain among you”. She had to have been buried in this place as a memorial. Burial at a predetermined depth formed a bed in the sandy clay soil that prevented predators from attacking her. She had to continue to be the fountainhead of their energies, the key to providing evidence of an organized colony. The ceremony was performed after the body ornaments had been placed in position; the death of the Lady was a great challenge to face.  Examining the funerary practices and the rich cultural assemblages that provided the ornaments of the Lady who was discovered in the Cavillon cave.” ref 

“Burial practices during the time of anatomically-modern humans (AMH) at Balzi Rossi have provided a number of well-preserved human remains. This burial record, coinciding in archaeological, environmental, and chronological contexts, allows the study of past hunters of animals that roamed the area, at that time unflooded, in front of the cliffs. The preponderance and relative abundances of ornamental and nutritive marine shells collected in the caves vary over time. The Gravettian layer, precisely defined by the AMH, dates probably from when the sea level was declining, and the vertebrate fauna present in the shallow cavity of the Riparo Mochi shelter, located between the Cavillon and Florestano caves in the Balzi Rossi. Researchers think that it was a site for shellfish collection, but the industrial assemblage consists of typical hunting and day-to-day items. The landscape beneath was, according to the archaeologists, a rich habitat. All foragers have broad-spectrum diet. However, the caves of the site with evidence of 15 well-preserved buried skeletons and their artwork, which encompassed both geometric and schematic style and a figurative image of a horse, are unique. In addition, small stylized figurines representing human females were found there.” ref 

“Evidence from the Cavillon cave, where the red Lady was buried, tells that the burial took place during the Gravettian time, and demonstrates the technical skills of the phase. The CroMagnons, like the Neanderthals, were seasonally-nomadic; however, the diversity of the resources exploited within the territory along the Grimaldi sea coast suggests a longer-term site within which a complex symbolic culture developed. The ornaments of the Lady, like the beaded cap and bracelet, are made from shells and other materials such as red-deer canines (‘pearl teeth’ of Cervus elaphus). However, the presence of a shell-bead accumulation, closely tied to the deposition of stone artifacts and terrestrial resources, allows us to deduce that ornament usage was not confined to their graves. Furthermore, the contextual burial of the Red Lady, with variously arranged stones and a red pigment-coated animal bone, sited where a horse is engraved on the wall, indicates that the Cavillon grotto was a sanctuary cave.” ref 

“Gravettian burial of Caviglione 1 is dated to around 24,000 years ago (or 22,400–26,700 years ago). The grave of the specimen named “Dame du Cavillon” (in French), initially “l’Homme de Menton”, was found in the “Grotte du Cavillon”, near the French-Italian border. The Italian term “Caviglione” is used instead of Cavillon. This cave is located in the Baousse Rousse (Balzi Rossi) complex of caves in Italy, known as the caves of Menton, and also called “Grottes de Grimaldi.” ref 

“The Upper Paleolithic Caviglione 1, held a radial fracture and the asymmetrical development of the upper and lower limbs. Nevertheless, the radial fracture is defined as the result of a violent blow, during such an event, the fracture does not involve the radius. Based on the mechanical properties of bone and the concept of bone functional adaptation, diaphyseal cross-sectional geometries offer an in-depth approach to structural changes induced by functional activity. For Neanderthals and Upper Paleolithic populations, two relatively well-known prehistoric populations, trauma can modify the initial bone (functional) asymmetry and render functional interpretations particularly difficult.” ref 

“Although trabecular bone analysis is currently little used for prehistoric periods, possibilities for discussing such questions is illustrated by results from primate and human studies that demonstrate a relationship between trabecular structure and function. This is the consequence of the mechanical properties of trabecular bone, strongly correlated with trabecular bone structure. Trabecular bone is more responsive to changes in mechanical loads and more metabolically active than cortical bone.” ref 

“Investigations on Caviglione 1 and generate significant new results pertaining to the nature and etiology of the upper limb trauma and the after-effects upon bone mechanical properties. The ultimate aim of this study is to discern how trauma affected the manual behavior of this Upper Paleolithic female during her lifetime and the impact on her living conditions and activities.” ref 

“Firstly, the internal structure of the radial trauma is described and its location facilitates a reevaluation of the violence hypothesis. Secondly, the asymmetry is measured along the diaphysis of the humerus, radius, and ulna (and some comments about the clavicle, metacarpal, and hand phalanx), including cross-sectional geometry properties (CSG) and bone trabecular fraction (TF).” ref 

“These latter allow us to specify the level and pattern of asymmetry and their relationship to traumatic events (i.e., identify the most affected region and its severity). Unexpected asymmetry and abnormalities in bone size and structure in relation to non-pathological bones anchors our conclusion. As far as possible, asymmetry was compared with an Upper Paleolithic reference sample and an etiologic hypothesis is proposed. Thirdly, the robusticity index of the upper limb of Caviglione 1 is combined with previous data to discuss the impact of trauma on the reduction of function (e.g., a high index of robustness would indicate a good recovery of manipulative functions).” ref 

“Finally, abnormalities in Caviglione 1 are placed in the Upper Paleolithic context for a more comprehensive understanding of the adaptability of past populations to their environment. Two lesions can be observed directly, one obvious major lesion in the left radius and probably a second minor one in the right humerus. We also discuss indirect evidence of trauma that is not directly visible, as only its consequences on bone structure can be studied.” ref 

“Asymmetry in head trabecular bone density and diaphyseal bone cortical porosity in the Caviglione humerus. The head cross-sections and the diaphyseal cross-sections are located respectively at 98% and 65% of the biomechanical length. Humeral asymmetry of the total area is low in Caviglione at 35% and 65%, even in relation to females. On the other hand, in reference to the comparative sample, Caviglione shows very high asymmetry in the cortical area and relative cortical area, noticeably higher than females.” ref 

“For Caviglione, no other bone trauma can be interpreted in terms of interpersonal violence (e.g., cranial injury). The parry fracture reflects a particularly problematic interpretation of trauma, which requires (for a rigorous interpretation) extensive information relative to the general context, notably the social context. The Caviglione fracture is more consistent with a Galeazzi fracture, which occurs in the weakest mechanical region (i.e., near the limit of the middle and the distal thirds of the shaft, according to cross-sectional properties. More relevant is the fact that a fracture from a direct blow does not generate a spiral fracture, as observed in the radius of Caviglione. The kind of fracture found in Caviglione is more likely due to a twisting of the forearm combined with strong compressions, such as in a fall onto the palm of the hand.” ref   

“The helicoidal fracture of the left radius is a good case for successful healing, as observed here, considering the large consolidation surface. Thus, fracture reduction followed by immobilization seems the correct interpretation, as proposed in modern medicine for young individuals. However, in the present case, the third distal radius part was not reduced (i.e., there was no realignment of fragments). Due to the lack of anatomical reduction, there is still an angulation between bone fragments, resulting in a rotatory disorder. Currently, the traditional treatment of Galeazzi fractures is good in young individuals, while it is 92% unsatisfactory in adults and requires surgical treatment.” ref 

“Non-surgical treatment would be the cause of persistent dislocation or recurrent dislocation of the distal ulna. Here, the homogeneity and thickness of the cortical bone along the diaphysis, the quality of the bone callus, and the high bone fraction of the epiphyseal trabecular bone resulted in the good consolidation of this bone and a “normal” level of activity of the forearm after consolidation. No evidence of secondary effects of the radial fracture is noted in other bones (i.e., humerus and ulna), except for the distal asymmetry of the ulna. This ulna asymmetry can be due to recurrent dislocations during a lifetime or a dislocation resulting from a fall. Finally, while pronation-supination movements were probably painful for one or two months (time required for consolidation), this traumatic event would probably not have had any significant consequences on the level of habitual manipulative behavior during the more recent life of this individual.” ref 

“Research suggests that Caviglione was a right-dominant female and results suggest that Caviglione became left-handed. This female was probably fully engaged in a high level of manipulative behavior and right-dominant before the traumatic event in view of the pattern of asymmetry of the total area and the cortical area (relative to the Upper Paleolithic sample). Finally, the robusticity of the Caviglione female is moderate to high compared to other, mainly male Upper Paleolithic remains, for the left humerus and the left ulna. This could point to a high level of manipulative behavior after the two traumas, even if it is difficult to distinguish to what extent robusticity is due to a compensatory effect related to the immobilization of the right arm and normal levels of left arm activity.” ref 

“Health generally during the Upper Paleolithic, especially during the early period (40,000–20,000 years ago), associated with a high degree of mobility. Only rare Upper Paleolithic remains were affected by limb pathologies, whether they resulted directly or indirectly from trauma. Only two early Upper Paleolithic individuals (>20 kya) exhibit fractures of the upper limb and another indicates bone modification as a secondary consequence of trauma. Dolní Věstonice 15 and Caviglione 1 respectively present a healed ulna fracture and a healed radial fracture, described in depth in this study. Barma Grande 2 shows high humeral asymmetry without direct evidence of lesion.” ref 

“However, it has been argued that a pathological origin is based on the degree of asymmetry in pathological fossils (Dolní Věstonice 15, Oberkassel 1, Neanderthal 1, La Quina 5) and non-pathological recent human samples. The impact of injuries on the health and activities of human foragers is one way of understanding the adaptability of past populations to their environment. Previously, the congenitally abnormal Dolní Věstonice 15, with its severe upper limb osteoarthritis and its lower limb hypertrophy (very similar to early and middle Upper Paleolithic), showed the capacity to survive and a high level of manual activity and mobility despite significant pathology.” ref 

“The late Epigravettian Arene Candide 2 also reflects this propensity to live with a debilitating trauma (i.e., bilateral absence of the lesser trochanter could be the result of severe muscular stress. The Gravettian Caviglione 1 presents two bones, from the left and right arm, clearly affected by trauma. It also, therefore, demonstrates the adaptability of an Upper Paleolithic individual. Indeed, the left radial fracture is well consolidated, and this left arm became the dominant arm because of a trauma seriously affecting the right arm. In addition, the robustness and the cortical thickness of the left long bones reveals the full use of the left arm despite some problems with fine motor control. This group did not practice fracture reduction, but we cannot know whether or not this was due to a lack of medical knowledge or individual circumstances of this specific case.” ref 

“Balzi Rossi is a popular prehistoric site due to the significant findings. It’s a few metres from shore at the bottom of a red limestone wall with caves and grottos. From these caves have been recovered manufacturers made of bones and stone, fireplaces, burials and animal remains dating from Lower Paleolithic to latest Prehistory.” ref   

“The Balzi Rossi complex, also known as Grimaldi Caves, includes more than ten sites that yielded abundant archaeological remains spanning a wide chronological range from the Middle Pleistocene to the Early Holocene. Riparo Mochi is located between Grotta di Florestano and Grotta del Caviglione.” ref 

“The several burials, are of the Cro-Magnon type or European early modern humans, Epigravettian (like the children highlighted by Rivière and the female skeleton discovered in the upper layers of the children’s cave), and Gravettian as well as Aurignacian.” ref 

“European early modern humans (EEMH) in the context of the Upper Paleolithic in Europe refers to the early presence of anatomically modern humans in Europe. The term “early modern” is usually taken to include fossils of the Bohunician, Ahmarian, Aurignacian, Gravettian, Solutrean and Magdalenian, extending throughout the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), covering the period of roughly 48,000 to 15,000 years ago, usually referred to as the Cro-Magnon. The earliest sites in Europe dated 48,000 years ago are Riparo Mochi (Italy), Geissenklösterle (Germany), and Isturitz (France).” ref

“The archaeological sites of the Balzi Rossi complex: 1 Grotta Costantini; 2 Grotta dei Fanciulli; 3 Riparo Lorenzi; 4 Grotta di Florestano; 5 Riparo Mochi; 6 Riparo Blanc – Cardini; 7 Grotta del Caviglione; 8 Riparo Bombrini; 9 Barma Grande; 10 Barma da Baousso da Torre; 11 Grotta del Principe; 12 Sito dell’ex Casinò; 13 Sito dell’ ex Birreria.” ref

“Coming from the edge you run into the Caves of Conte Costantini and the Cave of the children which are so-called due to the grave of two children dating from Upper Paleolithic (between 35.000 and 10.000 years ago) which was found inside. Then you come across Riparo Lorenzi, the Cave of Caviglione, Bombrini’ s Cove, and Barma Grande where in 19th century they found a grave containing the remains of three bodies, one adult and two children, also dating from Upper Paleolithic.” ref

“Grave and corpses were covered by red ochre powder and their heads crowned with shells, fish bones, and teeth of stag. Three large knives of flint were found within the burial equipment, which were usually produced at more than 100 Km from the site in the area of Vaucluse which means that early hunters-collectors used to move around a lot. At last, a fragment of the pelvis of a woman of Homo erectus who lived 230.000 years ago was found into the cyclopic Grotta del Principe. There still are many drawings dating from Upper Paleolithic carved on some sections of the walls inside the caves, such as the silhouette of a horse in Grotta del Caviglione.” ref

Rock engraving representing an equine – Grotta del Caviglione. ref

Equine is from a family including modern horses, zebras, asses, as well as 60 species known only from fossils. ref 

Could it be a possible sacrifice or death ritual?

“The wall drawing is thus in full daylight and framing of the figure against the backdrop of the whole field gives the site its individual character. The practical intelligence of these prehistoric people is demonstrated mainly by the tools, the choice of area in which to live, and by site management. For Cro-magnon at Cavillone it is demonstrated also by the choice of engraving tools. The extreme delicacy of the horse design and the safe working technique in the handling of chisels to trace its outline, provide evidence of a developed artistic sense. The outline of the horse creates a concrete symbol — a primitive lower form of abstraction, which was necessary; for otherwise most people would not have understood the message.” ref 

“The key focus of Cro-magnon is fully integrated into the animal world, and the additional abstract signs formed by striations should not be confused with geometrical decorations. They emphasize the individualized nature of that horse, which is ‘a genuine semantic system’ designed to establish a communication. The language present within the Cavillon cave may be considered as of magical nature, thereby offering an added level of interpretation to the meaning of the image. The hieroglyphic writing on Egyptian temple walls were readable, but people were sometimes not aware of an additional, magical, obscure meaning intended for the priests. Furthermore, the dead Lady and her resting place needed protection.” ref 

“The very concept of drawing is one of the remarkable traits that are characteristic of CroMagnon. They invented a language of signs and figures. The ‘vocabulary’ of Palaeolithic art conveys ideas to communicate allegorical forms. The striations associated with animals are a concrete image necessary to be understood. This consistent pattern of revealing information of a shared cognitive representation shaped during the Palaeolithic period was lost with the evolution of mind –cognitive organization in individuals being the primary locus of culture. Certainly the special mortuary rites according to the Red Lady in the Cavillon cave certainly played an important role in their society. Based on the rock engravings in the Cavillon cave, this paper identified Cro-Magnon as being the creator of illustrated stories. The audible language of Cro-Magnon is formed by these testimonials. The components manifest themselves, they are mystics. Obviously, the language and reality are related, but through their metaphorical character.” ref  

“The dates for the earliest Aurignacian layers are 37,400 and 27,230 years ago for the recent ones. This latter date may represent the beginning of the Gravettian occupation. The osteological analyses on the large fauna from the Mousterian levels of Riparo Mochi (Layer I), carried out on the remains, determined that ungulates represented the most frequent species (mainly red deer, wild boar, horse, and ibex) dominating the assemblage with 93% of the identified specimens, in contrast to carnivores (including bear, lion, panther, wolf, and hyena). Alces have been recognized only in the lower part of the deposit, while Dama dama was recovered in the upper portion. Therefore Layer I is in general characterized by a cold climate with a shift to milder conditions toward the top of the deposit. In general, large carnivores are almost absent in all layers and carnivore gnawed bones are rare as well, suggesting that faunal remains had been accumulated almost exclusively by humans.” ref 

“The analysis involved a total of more than 55,000 macromammal remains from the “old excavations” (1938, 1941e42, and 1959) carried out by A.C. Blanc and L. Cardini in the Gravettian layer “D” of Riparo Mochi. To date, there are no radiometric dates for this layer, which is about 2 m thick. Therefore, on the basis of the sedimentology of the deposit and of the descriptions reported in the excavation journals, the layer has been divided into 5 “phases” in order to identify possible variations in the osteological sample. A total of 18 genera belonging to 5 mammal orders (insectivores, rodents, lagomorphs, carnivores, and artiodactyls) have been identified. Almost all the identified species are characterized by few remains (E. europaeus, Carnivora, S. scrofa, A. alces, B. primigenius,) and only C. elaphus, C. ibex, C. capreolus, and O. cuniculus exceed a hundred specimens. In general, the faunal spectrum indicated mainly a forest environment, with conifers and deciduous trees, characterized by a temperate, tending to cool, climate.” ref 

“Such type of ecosystem alternated with moments when the upper limit of the forest left space to the Alpine prairie, with colder temperatures and dry climate (mainly in the central phase of layer D), or times when the forest cover was thicker, with climatic conditions that were always temperate-cool, but more humid (phases I and II). However, in all periods, there is a contemporaneous presence of temperate and forest fauna (red deer, wild boar, roe deer, well adaptable also to more harsh temperatures) that probably lived in the immediate surroundings of the site, together with “cold” and open habitat species (ibex, chamois, marmot) that were present in mountain areas above the tree line. These habitats were well connected to the shelter, considering the orography of the area characterized by long and narrow valleys rapidly ascending to very high elevations.” ref 

“The shelter, very close to the sea, in an area protected by high cliffs, had favorable climatic conditions even during the rigors of the winter. It is possible to note some differences in faunal composition between the osteological sample from level D. The materials recovered during the excavations show a reduced number of identified species, especially among the carnivores with the complete absence of felines, mustelids, and bear, while for the ungulates wild boar and elk were not identified. Furthermore, also the ratios between the identified species are different: red deer represents half of the sample and is quantitatively followed by roe deer and then by ibex, so that the author suggests relatively mild climatic conditions during this occupation period.” ref 

“However, the discordant results obtained from the analyses of these two assemblages are probably mainly related to differences in sample size. The taphonomic analysis does not show great differences among the various phases: the whole sample presents the same kind of fragmentation and “bad” preservation of the bone surfaces. The modifications recorded on the bones allow the hypothesis that humans were the main agent of bone accumulation and that they occupied the site seasonally, lighting fires always in the same area in front of the shelter, where also butchery of hunted animals occurred, using then the bone waste and/or food debris as fuel. The specimens, besides suffering heavy modifications due to the action of fire, underwent pedogenetic transformations, especially chemical and physical ones, as well as sudden changes in humidity and temperature both before and after burial.” ref 

“In general, no relevant differences in subsistence strategies have been noted among the various phases, and during the whole Gravettian occupation hunting focused mainly on red deer and ibex. Definitive evidence of exploitation has been detected also on roe deer, chamois, aurochs, and, among the carnivores, on fox, wildcat, and lynx. These latter were captured mainly for their fur, as supported by the prevalence of skinning traces recovered on distal limb elements and on cranial bones, although it is not possible to rule out that also their meat was exploited. From the analysis of the skeletal elements of red deer and ibex two hypotheses on carcass processing are plausible, even in the same phase and on the same animal, on the basis of variables that are difficult to verify (distance from the kill site, number of people in the hunting party, weight of the prey, and quantity of hunted animals).” ref 

“The first hypothesizes that the complete carcasses of these artiodactyls were introduced in the site where all the butchering phases occurred (form skinning to marrow exploitation). The second suggests that a first selection of the carcasses occurred at the kill site and then only the portions with higher nutritional return were transported to the shelter. From the few bone elements recovered, it is difficult to outline models of carcass treatment for the other artiodactyls. It is possible that roe deer and chamois, on which traces produced by lithic tools have also been detected, have been treated similarly to red deer and ibex.” ref   

“Using the data on the age at death of the juvenile animals for each species and phase, it is possible to hypothesize that humans occupied the shelter on a seasonal basis, mainly in spring. It is also probable that the settlement choices changed in relation to the climatic conditions. As shown in Table 5, during the earliest Gravettian phases (Base-layer D and phase IV) it seems that the site was occupied more during the winter-spring season. The rockshelter, thanks to its geographic location, was an optimal place to overcome the probable winter climatic harshness. Occasional presence during this period also occurred in summer and late autumn. In the remaining phases of this layer and mainly in the final moments of the Gravettian with Noailles burins, site occupation seems to be concentrated during the spring-summer period and only occasionally in the late winter.” ref 

“A comparison with the nearby cave of the Arene Candide, based mainly on the faunal composition, indicates that the two sites reflect different occupation profiles, although the faunal associations outline a relatively similar ecological situation. The earliest Gravettian levels of the Arene Candide (P13-P9) have dates referred to the period between the Kesselt and Tursac interstadial (P13 ¼ 25,620 years ago and P12 ¼ 23,450 years ago) which may be correlated to the medio-basal phases of the Gravettian layer D at Riparo Mochi. At the Arene Candide, in the lower levels, there is a marked prevalence of carnivores (hyena, leopard, cave bear) that used the cave as a shelter and den, while the site was only occasionally used by humans, mainly in the summer-autumn period, hunting animals of all age classes. Only in the P8eP1 levels, with more recent Gravettian dates (20,470 to 18,560 years ago), there seems to be an intensification in human frequentation of the cave, with the same seasonal occupation. More comprehensive and exhaustive comparisons with the Arene Candide and with other Italian sites with Gravettian levels will be possible when the new numerical dates, at the moment still in progress, will be available for layer D of Riparo Mochi.” ref  

“The study of the faunal sample related to the Gravettian occupation at Riparo Mochi demonstrated small environmental changes during the period of the deposition of the sediments, with a colder phase in the central part of the deposit followed by a more humid one in the terminal part. The faunal remains are mainly the result of human activity, as indicated by the presence of butchering traces, the abundant burned bones used as fuel, and the type of fragmentation, associated to the almost complete absence of carnivore traces. Hunting focused mainly on red deer and ibex, but roe deer, chamois, aurochs, and some carnivores, such as fox, wildcat, and lynx also were exploited. Different capture strategies were adopted: a more opportunistic hunting without prevalence of a particular age class or sex was used for red deer, while a more selective one focusing on adult individuals was employed for ibex. The rock-shelter was occupied mainly between winter and spring in the oldest phases and between spring and summer in the most recent ones, with probable abandonment during autumn.” ref  

The Balzi Rossi caves (Ligurian: baussi rossi “red rocks”) in Ventimiglia commune, Liguria, Italy, is one of the most important archaeological sites of the early Upper Paleolithic in Western Europe.

• Riparo Mochi remains, evidence for the earliest presence of modern humans in Europe (early Aurignacian, 42,000 years ago).
• Grimaldi Man (Gravettian, c. 25,000 years)
• Venus figurines of Balzi Rossi (Gravettian, c. 22,000 years). ref 

“A large number of statuettes portraying a woman connected to the cult of Mother Goddess were found as well, the so-called “Venus figurines.” ref  

My Thought on the Evolution of Gods?

Animal protector deities from old totems/spirit animal beliefs come first to me, 13,000/12,000 years ago, then women as deities 11,000/10,000 years ago, then male gods around 7,000/8,000 years ago. Moralistic gods around 5,000/4,000 years ago, and monotheistic gods around 4,000/3,000 years ago. 

Grimaldi figurines. The fourteen Grimaldi statuettes described by White et Bisson (1998): 

  1. The Couple, or the Double Venus
  2. Woman with the perforated neck
  3. The Two-Headed Woman
  4. The yellow steatite statuette, or the Venus of Menton
  5. Pulcinella or the Venus of Polichinelle
  6. Brown Ivory Figurine
  7. The Venus el Rombo, or Venus de Losange, (the diamond, or rhomboid, or lozenge shaped venus)
  8. The Bust
  9. The ivory figurine in red ochre
10. The flattened figure
11 The Negroid head
12. The Hermaphrodite
13. The Woman with goitre
14. Undescribed figure ref 

20,000 years ago – “In the Grotta dei Fanciulli at the Balzi Rossi complex, instead, the bodies of two children aged between 2 and 3 years were found. The skeletons are arranged next to each other and at the level of the hip and femur many pierced marine shells ( Nassa neritea ) have been found that probably were part of a funerary ornament.” ref 

“The triple burial, consisting of three skeletons found in the large Barma, holding an adult male, a young man and a teenager are arranged in parallel in the same trench from east to west, and buried with a rich grave outfit including seashells, flint blades and deer canines; the dating of the burial dates to about 20,000 years ago.” ref 

“Also characteristic is the Triple Burial, in which three individuals were buried in the same pit, one next to the other, sprinkled with red ocher and with a rich funerary outfit. It seems that of the three two are younger, while the third is considerably older. The same anatomical peculiarities found on the right side of the frontal bone of all three skulls suggest a genetic relationship between individuals. The oldest individual was about six feet high and possessed a skeletal structure of considerable strength. The funeral outfit was instead made up of large stone blades, necklaces, spines of fish, canines of deer, pendants in ivory decorated with hollow lines and perforated shells (still Nassa neritea ).” ref 

“Detail of the funeral kit of the Triple Burial, and among the various discoveries, the most interesting and recent is that of the discovery of the so-called Negroids of Grimaldi, or a couple of individuals (a teenager and an adult woman) having somatic traits different from those of other individuals. The adolescent had his head adorned with marine shells ( Nassa neritea ), and the woman had the same shells near her wrist and left elbow, perhaps originally bracelets. The burials took place at two different times.” ref 

“All the burials can be dated back to the period called Gravettian or Epigravettian, a temporal gap from 29,000 to 19,000 years ago.” ref

“Detail of the funeral kit of the Triple Burial, and among the various discoveries, the most interesting and recent is that of the discovery of the so-called Negroids of Grimaldi , or a couple of individuals (a teenager and an adult woman) having somatic traits different from those of other individuals. The adolescent had his head adorned with marine shells ( Nassa neritea ), and the woman had the same shells near her wrist and left elbow, perhaps originally bracelets. The burials took place at two different times.” ref 

“Many burials have been updated at Balzi Rossi or Grimaldi Caves (Liguria, Italy). 1. A woman (left) and a teenager (right) buried successively Dated 26,000 BP – Grotto of Children (Grimaldi). 2. Woman strewn with imperforated shells Dated 12 200 BP Grotto of Children (Grimaldi). 3. Grand Cro-Magnon, arms folded over the bust and hands on the upper chest Dated – 26,000 years Grotto of Children (Grimaldi).” ref 

Shamanism (such as that seen in Siberia Gravettian culture: 30,000 years ago). Gravettian culture (34,000–24,000 years ago; Western Gravettian, mainly France, Spain, and Britain, as well as Eastern Gravettian in Central Europe and Russia. The eastern Gravettians, which include the Pavlovian culture). And, the Pavlovian culture (31,000 – 25,000 years ago such as in Austria and Poland). 31,000 – 20,000 years ago Oldest Shaman was Female, Buried with the Oldest Portrait Carving.

Shamanism is approximately a 30,000-year-old belief system and believe in spirit-filled life and/or afterlife that can be attached to or be expressed in things or objects and these objects can be used by special persons or in special rituals that can connect to spirit-filled life and/or afterlife. If you believe like this, regardless of your faith, you are a hidden shamanist.

Around 29,000 to 25,000 years ago in Dolní Vestonice, Czech Republic, the oldest human face representation is a carved ivory female head that was found nearby a female burial and belong to the Pavlovian culture, a variant of the Gravettian culture. The left side of the figure’s face was a distorted image and is believed to be a portrait of an elder female, who was around 40 years old. She was ritualistically placed beneath a pair of mammoth scapulae, one leaning against the other. Surprisingly, the left side of the skull was disfigured in the same manner as the aforementioned carved ivory figure, indicating that the figure was an intentional depiction of this specific individual. The bones and the earth surrounding the body contained traces of red ocher, a flint spearhead had been placed near the skull, and one hand held the body of a fox. This evidence suggests that this was the burial site of a shaman. This is the oldest site not only of ceramic figurines and artistic portraiture but also of evidence of early female shamans. Before 5,500 years ago, women were much more prominent in religion.

Archaeologists usually describe two regional variants: the western Gravettian, known namely from cave sites in France, Spain, and Britain, and the eastern Gravettian in Central Europe and Russia. The eastern Gravettians include the Pavlovian culture, which were specialized mammoth hunters and whose remains are usually found not in caves but in open air sites. The origins of the Gravettian people are not clear, they seem to appear simultaneously all over Europe. Though they carried distinct genetic signatures, the Gravettians and Aurignacians before them were descended from the same ancient founder population. According to genetic data, 37,000 years ago, all Europeans can be traced back to a single ‘founding population’ that made it through the last ice age. Furthermore, the so-called founding fathers were part of the Aurignacian culture, which was displaced by another group of early humans members of the Gravettian culture. Between 37,000 years ago and 14,000 years ago, different groups of Europeans were descended from a single founder population. To a greater extent than their Aurignacian predecessors, they are known for their Venus figurines. ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, & ref 

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

My thoughts on Religion Evolution with external links for more info:

• (Pre-Animism Africa mainly, but also Europe, and Asia at least 300,000 years ago), (Pre-Animism – Oxford Dictionaries)
• (Animism Africa around 100,000 years ago), (Animism – Britannica.com)
• (Totemism Europe around 50,000 years ago), (Totemism – Anthropology)
• (Shamanism Siberia around 30,000 years ago), (Shamanism – Britannica.com)
• (Paganism Turkey around 12,000 years ago), (Paganism – BBC Religion)
• (Progressed Organized Religion “Institutional Religion” Egypt around 5,000 years ago), (Ancient Egyptian Religion – Britannica.com)
• (CURRENT “World” RELIGIONS after 4,000 years ago) (Origin of Major Religions – Sacred Texts)
• (Early Atheistic Doubting at least by 2,600 years ago) (History of Atheism – Wikipedia)

“Religion is an Evolved Product” and Yes, Religion is Like Fear Given Wings…

Atheists talk about gods and religions for the same reason doctors talk about cancer, they are looking for a cure, or a firefighter talks about fires because they burn people and they care to stop them. We atheists too often feel a need to help the victims of mental slavery, held in the bondage that is the false beliefs of gods and the conspiracy theories of reality found in religions.

“Understanding Religion Evolution: Animism, Totemism, Shamanism, Paganism & Progressed organized religion”

Understanding Religion Evolution:

• Pre-Animism (at least 300,000 years ago)
• Animism (Africa: 100,000 years ago)
• Totemism (Europe: 50,000 years ago)
• Shamanism (Siberia: 30,000 years ago)
• Paganism (Turkey: 12,000 years ago)
• Progressed organized religion (Egypt: 5,000 years ago), (Egypt, the First Dynasty 5,150 years ago)
• CURRENT “World” RELIGIONS (after 4,000 years ago)
• Early Atheistic Doubting (at least by 2,600 years ago)

“An Archaeological/Anthropological Understanding of Religion Evolution”

It seems ancient peoples had to survived amazing threats in a “dangerous universe (by superstition perceived as good and evil),” and human “immorality or imperfection of the soul” which was thought to affect the still living, leading to ancestor worship. This ancestor worship presumably led to the belief in supernatural beings, and then some of these were turned into the belief in gods. This feeble myth called gods were just a human conceived “made from nothing into something over and over, changing, again and again, taking on more as they evolve, all the while they are thought to be special,” but it is just supernatural animistic spirit-belief perceived as sacred.

Quick Evolution of Religion?

Pre-Animism (at least 300,000 years ago) pre-religion is a beginning that evolves into later Animism. So, Religion as we think of it, to me, all starts in a general way with Animism (Africa: 100,000 years ago) (theoretical belief in supernatural powers/spirits), then this is physically expressed in or with Totemism (Europe: 50,000 years ago) (theoretical belief in mythical relationship with powers/spirits through a totem item), which then enlists a full-time specific person to do this worship and believed interacting Shamanism (Siberia/Russia: 30,000 years ago) (theoretical belief in access and influence with spirits through ritual), and then there is the further employment of myths and gods added to all the above giving you Paganism (Turkey: 12,000 years ago) (often a lot more nature-based than most current top world religions, thus hinting to their close link to more ancient religious thinking it stems from). My hypothesis is expressed with an explanation of the building of a theatrical house (modern religions development). Progressed organized religion (Egypt: 5,000 years ago)  with CURRENT “World” RELIGIONS (after 4,000 years ago).

Historically, in large city-state societies (such as Egypt or Iraq) starting around 5,000 years ago culminated to make religion something kind of new, a sociocultural-governmental-religious monarchy, where all or at least many of the people of such large city-state societies seem familiar with and committed to the existence of “religion” as the integrated life identity package of control dynamics with a fixed closed magical doctrine, but this juggernaut integrated religion identity package of Dogmatic-Propaganda certainly did not exist or if developed to an extent it was highly limited in most smaller prehistoric societies as they seem to lack most of the strong control dynamics with a fixed closed magical doctrine (magical beliefs could be at times be added or removed). Many people just want to see developed religious dynamics everywhere even if it is not. Instead, all that is found is largely fragments until the domestication of religion.

Religions, as we think of them today, are a new fad, even if they go back to around 6,000 years in the timeline of human existence, this amounts to almost nothing when seen in the long slow evolution of religion at least around 70,000 years ago with one of the oldest ritual worship. Stone Snake of South Africa: “first human worship” 70,000 years ago. This message of how religion and gods among them are clearly a man-made thing that was developed slowly as it was invented and then implemented peace by peace discrediting them all. Which seems to be a simple point some are just not grasping how devastating to any claims of truth when we can see the lie clearly in the archeological sites.

I wish people fought as hard for the actual values as they fight for the group/clan names political or otherwise they think support values. Every amount spent on war is theft to children in need of food or the homeless kept from shelter.

Here are several of my blog posts on history:

• To Find Truth You Must First Look
• Archaeology Knowledge Challenge?
• Beware of Pseudo-History like the Claims of a Hammer in a 400 Million-Year-Old Rock
• The Evolution of Fire Sacralizing and/or Worship 1.5 million to 300,000 years ago and beyond?
• Proto Religion: Superstition around 1 million years ago, to Pre-Animism 300,000 years ago, & then Animism Religion 100,000 years ago
• Stone Age Art: 500,000 – 233,000 Years Old
• Around 500,000 – 233,000 years ago, Oldest Anthropomorphic art (Pre-animism) is Related to Female
• 400,000 Years Old Sociocultural Evolution
• Burial-pits, Cave-tombs, and/or Shallow-graves begin with Homo
• The Emergence of Pre-Religion 300,000 years ago, with Pre-Animism?
• Pre-Animism: Portable Rock Art at least 300,000-year-old
• Pre-animism 300,000 years old and animism 100,000 years old: related to “Anarchism and Socialism”
• Prehistory: related to “Anarchism and Socialism” the division of labor, power, rights, and recourses.
• Homo Naledi and an Intentional Cemetery “Pre-Animism” dating to around 250,000 years ago?
• Neanderthals “Primal Religion (Pre-Animism/Animism?)” Mystery Cave Rings 175,000 Years Ago
• 130,000 years ago – Earliest evidence for burial and it’s Neanderthals…
• Did Neanderthals teach us “Primal Religion (Pre-Animism/Animism?)” 120,000 Years Ago?
• What about Neanderthals and Religion?
• Animism: an approximately 100,000-year-old belief system?
• Animism: a belief among some indigenous people, young children, or all religious people!
• The Origin of Language: Starts in Symbolism Around 100,000 years ago, to Early Proto-Writing 44,000-5,000 years ago with Unrealized Connections
• Rock crystal stone tools 75,000 Years Ago – (Spain) made by Neanderthals
• Prehistoric Child Burials Begin at Least Around 78,000 Years Ago
• Stone Snake of South Africa: “first human worship” 70,000 years ago
• Similarities and differences in Animism and Totemism
• Did Neanderthals Help Inspire Totemism? Because there is Art Dating to Around 65,000 Years Ago in Spain?
• History of Drug Use with Religion or Sacred Rituals possibly 58,000 years ago?
• Totemism: an approximately 50,000-year-old belief system?
• Totemism 50,000 years old: related to “Anarchism and Socialism”
• Australia & Aboriginal Religion at least around 50,000 years old
• Modern Humans start around 50,000 years ago Helped by Feminisation
• Out of Africa: “the evolution of religion seems tied to the movement of people”
• Totemism and Shamanism Dispersal Theory Expressed around 50,000 to 30,000 years ago
• Back-migrations to Africa, Starting with Eurasia to North Africa around 45,000 years ago
• Possible Religion Motivations in the First Cave Art at around 43,000 years ago?
• 43,000-33,000 years old Aurignacian Figurine Marks, like at the Swabian Jura caves in Germany
• 41,000-20,000-year-old Upper Paleolithic Tally sticks
• 40,000 years old Aurignacian Lion Figurine Early Totemism?
• 40,000-35,000 years ago “first seeming use of a Totem” ancestor, animal, and possible pre-goddess worship?
• Prehistoric Egypt 40,000 years ago to The First Dynasty 5,150 years ago
• 38,000 Years Old Engraving of an Aurochs with Seeming Totemism Expression?
• Aurignacian Period female ‘Venus’ carvings start at 35,000 years ago, then Transfer on to Other Cultures?
• Sacred Bulls, the Moon, and Fertility begins at least around 35,000 years ago?
• Women were the focus of religion, from at least around 35,000 years ago, until 2,000 years ago?
• Stars: Ancestors, Spirit Animals, and Deities (around 6,000 years ago, with connections to shamanism at 30,000 years ago and possibly further back to 40,000 years ago with totemism)
• Sacred Bulls, the Moon, and Fertility begins at least around 35,000 years ago?
• 34,000 years ago Lunar Calendar Cave art around the Time Shift From Totemism to Early Shamanism
• 34,000 years old Russan “Sungir” Early Totemistic-Shamanism
• 31,000-25,000 years old Dolni Vestonice, Czech Republic Totemistic-Shamanism
• Shamanism: an approximately 30,000-year-old belief system
• Could the Phallus Phenomena (A Bull Horn) and the Shamanism Phenomena beginning around 30,000 years ago
• Lenticular Cloud Formations may connect to Ancient “House of Gods” Mythology
• “Sky Burial” and its possible origins at least 12,000 years ago to likely 30,000 years ago or older.
• The Peopling of the Americas Pre-Paleoindians/Paleoamericans around 30,000 to 12,000 years ago
• Hunter-Gatherer/Indigenous Peoples Religiosity, Beliefs, and Practices
• Starting 30,000 Years Ago is the Sitting Venus Phenomena
• Shamanism 30,000 years old: related to “Anarchism and Socialism”
• Trinity Evolution Started over 30,000 years ago, Maybe?
• Paleolithic Totem Venuses become the later Goddesses of the Neolithic and beyond?
• The “Inner Asian Mountain Corridor” as well as the “Eurasian Steppe Corridor” and Repetitious Migrations
• Who were the Groups migrating and merging with the previous Groups of Europe?
• 27,000 to 25,000 Years ago Oldest Shaman was Female, Buried with the Oldest Portrait Carving
• Could a Gravettian carving around 25,000 years old relate to Later Goddess and the Bull cults like Catal Huyuk
• Gravettian burial of Caviglione Woman, (shaman?) dated to around 24,000 years ago
• The Gravettian culture (Europe) shared ritual ideas and The Ancient North Eurasian culture (Asia) 24,000 years ago
• 24,000 Years Old Sacred Burial of a Siberian Mal’ta Boy
• Mal’ta–Buret’ culture of Siberia and Basal Haplogroup R* or R-M207
• Groups partially derived from the Ancient North Eurasians
• Leda and the Swan: possibly relates back to 24,000–15,000 years old Mal’ta–Buret’ culture, Lake Baikal, Siberia?
• Similarities in Shamanism?
• Black, White, and Yellow Shamanism?
• Shamanistic rock art from central Aboriginal Siberians and Aboriginal drums in the Americas
• Horned female shamans and Pre-satanism Devil/horned-god Worship?
• Epipalaeolithic Near East 20,000 to 9,000 years ago and the Emergence of Advanced Culture as well as New Religion?
• Sifting through the relation of Bird spirits/deities of the sky (20,000 to 5,000 years ago)
• (Magdalenian/Iberomaurusian) Connections to the First Paganists of the early Neolithic Near East Dating from around 17,000 to 12,000 Years Ago
• 16,000 to 12,000 years ago Magdalenian Sacred Ritual and Symbols
• Are the Natufians of Israel around 15,000 to 11,500 years ago who you thought they were?
• Natufians: an Ancient People at the Origins of Agriculture and Sedentary Life
• Possible Clan Leader/Special “MALE” Ancestor Totem Poles At Least 13,500 years ago?
• Jewish People with DNA at least 13,200 years old, Judaism, and the Origins of Some of its Ideas
• Genetic studies on Jewish DNA is not 6,000 years old but has origin links to about 20,000 to 30,000 years ago?
• Baltic Reindeer Hunters: Swiderian, Lyngby, Ahrensburgian, and Krasnosillya cultures 12,020 to 11,020 years ago are evidence of powerful migratory waves during the last 13,000 years and a genetic link to Saami and the Finno-Ugric peoples.
• My Reasoned Speculations on the Early Migrations of Paganism 13,000 to 3,000 years ago, Cultural Transfer
• 13,000-12,000 years ago Culture Leading to New Oppression changed everything and it was not always this way.
• The Rise of Inequality: patriarchy and state hierarchy inequality
• Fertile Crescent 12,500 – 9,500 Years Ago: fertility and death cult belief system?
• 12,400 – 11,700 Years Ago – Kortik Tepe (Turkey) Pre/early-Agriculture Cultic Ritualism
• Paganism: spread of Haplogroup J and its Seeming connection of Bull Worship
• Pre-Pottery Neolithic (10000 – 6500 BCE) and Pottery Neolithic (7000–5000 BCE)
• 12,000-year-old Gobekli Tepe: “first human-made pagan temple”
• Gobekli Tepe is more like Shamanistic early Paganism, Not Adam, Eve, and Cain or Bible anything!
• Ritualistic Bird Symbolism at Gobekli Tepe and its “Ancestor Cult”
• Male-Homosexual (female-like) / Trans-woman (female) Seated Figurine from Gobekli Tepe
• Could a 12,000-year-old Bull Geoglyph at Göbekli Tepe relate to older Bull and Female Art 25,000 years ago and Later Goddess and the Bull cults like Catal Huyuk?
• Sedentism and the Creation of goddesses around 12,000 years ago as well as male gods after 7,000 years ago.
• Alcohol, where Agriculture and Religion Become one? Such as Gobekli Tepe’s Ritualistic use of Grain as Food and Ritual Drink
• Epigravettians Join the Religious Partying at Gobekli Tepe?
• Neolithic Ritual Sites with T-Pillars and other Cultic Pillars
• Paganism: Goddesses around 12,000 years ago then Male Gods after 7,000 years ago
• First Patriarchy: Split of Women’s Status around 12,000 years ago & First Hierarchy: fall of Women’s Status around 5,000 years ago.
• Natufians: an Ancient People at the Origins of Agriculture and Sedentary Life
• J DNA and the Spread of Agricultural Religion (paganism)
• Paganism: an approximately 12,000-year-old belief system
• Paganism 12,000 years old: related to “Anarchism and Socialism” (Pre-Capitalism)
• Shaman burial in Israel 12,000 years ago and the Shamanism Phenomena
• Need to Mythicized: gods and goddesses
• 12,000 – 7,000 Years Ago – Paleo-Indian Culture (The Americas)
• Ancient Egypt: Epipaleolithic, Neolithic, and Predynastic from 12,000 to 5,000 years ago
• 12,000 – 2,000 Years Ago – Indigenous-Scandinavians (Nordic)
• Norse did not wear helmets with horns?
• Pre-Pottery Neolithic Skull Cult around 11,500 to 8,400 Years Ago?
• Masked Head Hunters of “Karahan Tepe” 11,400-year-old monumental site from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic A to B
• 10,400 – 10,100 Years Ago, in Turkey the Nevail Cori Religious Settlement
• Evolution of human skin color, white-skin is really under 10,000 years old?
• Indo-European language Trees fit an Agricultural expansion from Anatolia beginning 8,000 – 9,500 years ago
• 9,000-6,500 Years Old Submerged Pre-Pottery/Pottery Neolithic Ritual Settlements off Israel’s Coast
• Catal Huyuk “first religious designed city” around 9,500 to 7,700 years ago (Turkey)
• Goddesses/Demigoddesses/Grandmother-Mother Ancestor Spirits from Catal Huyuk?
• Cultic Hunting at Catal Huyuk “first religious designed city”
• Special Items and Art as well as Special Elite Burials at Catal Huyuk
• New Rituals and Violence with the appearance of Pottery and People?
• Haplogroup N and its related Uralic Languages and Cultures
• Ainu people, Sámi people, Native Americans, the Ancient North Eurasians, and Paganistic-Shamanism with Totemism
• Ideas, Technology and People from Turkey, Europe, to China and Back again 9,000 to 5,000 years ago?
• First Pottery of Europe and the Related Cultures
• 9,000 years old Neolithic Artifacts Judean Desert and Hills Israel
• 9,000-7,000 years-old Sex and Death Rituals: Cult Sites in Israel, Jordan, and the Sinai
• 9,000-8500 year old Horned Female shaman Bad Dürrenberg Germany
• Neolithic Jewelry and the Spread of Farming in Europe Emerging out of West Turkey
• 8,600-year-old Tortoise Shells in Neolithic graves in central China have Early Writing and Shamanism
• Swing of the Mace: the rise of Elite, Forced Authority, and Inequality begin to Emerge 8,500 years ago?
• Migrations and Changing Europeans Beginning around 8,000 Years Ago
• My “Steppe-Anatolian-Kurgan hypothesis” 8,000/7,000 years ago
• Around 8,000-year-old Shared Idea of the Mistress of Animals, “Ritual” Motif
• Pre-Columbian Red-Paint (red ochre) Maritime Archaic Culture 8,000-3,000 years ago
• 7,522-6,522 years ago Linear Pottery culture which I think relates to Arcane Capitalism’s origins
• Arcane Capitalism: Primitive socialism, Primitive capital, Private ownership, Means of production, Market capitalism, Class discrimination, and Petite bourgeoisie (smaller capitalists)
• 7,500-4,750 years old Ritualistic Cucuteni-Trypillian culture of Moldova, Romania, and Ukraine
• Roots of a changing early society 7,200-6,700 years ago Jordan and Israel
• Agriculture religion (Paganism) with farming reached Britain between about 7,000 to 6,500 or so years ago and seemingly expressed in things like Western Europe’s Long Barrows
• My Thoughts on Possible Migrations of “R” DNA and Proto-Indo-European?
• “Millet” Spreading from China 7,022 years ago to Europe and related Language may have Spread with it leading to Proto-Indo-European
• Proto-Indo-European (PIE), ancestor of Indo-European languages: DNA, Society, Language, and Mythology
  
• The Dnieper–Donets culture and Asian varieties of Millet from China to the Black Sea region of Europe by 7,022 years ago
• Kurgan 6,000 years ago/dolmens 7,000 years ago: funeral, ritual, and other?
• 7,020 to 6,020-year-old Proto-Indo-European Homeland of Urheimat or proposed home of their Language and Religion
• Ancient Megaliths: Kurgan, Ziggurat, Pyramid, Menhir, Trilithon, Dolman, Kromlech, and Kromlech of Trilithons
• The Mytheme of Ancient North Eurasian Sacred-Dog belief and similar motifs are found in Indo-European, Native American, and Siberian comparative mythology
• Elite Power Accumulation: Ancient Trade, Tokens, Writing, Wealth, Merchants, and Priest-Kings
• Sacred Mounds, Mountains, Kurgans, and Pyramids may hold deep connections?
• Between 7,000-5,000 Years ago, rise of unequal hierarchy elite, leading to a “birth of the State” or worship of power, strong new sexism, oppression of non-elites, and the fall of Women’s equal status
• Paganism 7,000-5,000 years old: related to “Anarchism and Socialism” (Capitalism) (World War 0) Elite & their slaves
• Hell and Underworld mythologies starting maybe as far back as 7,000 to 5,000 years ago with the Proto-Indo-Europeans?
• The First Expression of the Male God around 7,000 years ago?
• White (light complexion skin) Bigotry and Sexism started 7,000 years ago?
• Around 7,000-year-old Shared Idea of the Divine Bird (Tutelary and/or Trickster spirit/deity), “Ritual” Motif
• Nekhbet an Ancient Egyptian Vulture Goddess and Tutelary Deity
• 6,720 to 4,920 years old Ritualistic Hongshan Culture of Inner Mongolia with 5,000-year-old Pyramid Mounds and Temples
• First proto-king in the Balkans, Varna culture around 6,500 years ago?
• 6,500–5,800 years ago in Israel Late Chalcolithic (Copper Age) Period in the Southern Levant Seems to Express Northern Levant Migrations, Cultural and Religious Transfer
• KING OF BEASTS: Master of Animals “Ritual” Motif, around 6,000 years old or older…
• Around 6000-year-old Shared Idea of the Solid Wheel & the Spoked Wheel-Shaped Ritual Motif
• “The Ghassulian Star,” a mysterious 6,000-year-old mural from Jordan; a Proto-Star of Ishtar, Star of Inanna or Star of Venus?
• Religious/Ritual Ideas, including goddesses and gods as well as ritual mounds or pyramids from Northeastern Asia at least 6,000 years old, seemingly filtering to Iran, Iraq, the Mediterranean, Europe, Egypt, and the Americas?
• Maykop (5,720–5,020 years ago) Caucasus region Bronze Age culture-related to Copper Age farmers from the south, influenced by the Ubaid period and Leyla-Tepe culture, as well as influencing the Kura-Araxes culture
• 5-600-year-old Tomb, Mummy, and First Bearded Male Figurine in a Grave
• Kura-Araxes Cultural 5,520 to 4,470 years old DNA traces to the Canaanites, Arabs, and Jews
• Minoan/Cretan (Keftiu) Civilization and Religion around 5,520 to 3,120 years ago
• Evolution Of Science at least by 5,500 years ago
• 5,500 Years old birth of the State, the rise of Hierarchy, and the fall of Women’s status
• “Jiroft culture” 5,100 – 4,200 years ago and the History of Iran
• Stonehenge: Paganistic Burial and Astrological Ritual Complex, England (5,100-3,600 years ago)
• Around 5,000-year-old Shared Idea of the “Tree of Life” Ritual Motif
• Complex rituals for elite, seen from China to Egypt, at least by 5,000 years ago
• Around 5,000 years ago: “Birth of the State” where Religion gets Military Power and Influence
• The Center of the World “Axis Mundi” and/or “Sacred Mountains” Mythology Could Relate to the Altai Mountains, Heart of the Steppe
• Progressed organized religion starts, an approximately 5,000-year-old belief system
• China’s Civilization between 5,000-3,000 years ago, was a time of war and class struggle, violent transition from free clans to a Slave or Elite society
• Origin of Logics is Naturalistic Observation at least by around 5,000 years ago.
• Paganism 5,000 years old: progressed organized religion and the state: related to “Anarchism and Socialism” (Kings and the Rise of the State)
• Ziggurats (multi-platform temples: 4,900 years old) to Pyramids (multi-platform tombs: 4,700 years old)
• Did a 4,520–4,420-year-old Volcano In Turkey Inspire the Bible God?
• Finland’s Horned Shaman and Pre-Horned-God at least 4,500 years ago?
• 4,000-year-Old Dolmens in Israel: A Connected Dolmen Religious Phenomenon?
• Creation myths: From chaos, Ex nihilo, Earth-diver, Emergence, World egg, and World parent
• Bronze Age “Ritual” connections of the Bell Beaker culture with the Corded Ware/Single Grave culture, which were related to the Yamnaya culture and Proto-Indo-European Languages/Religions
• Low Gods (Earth/ Tutelary deity), High Gods (Sky/Supreme deity), and Moralistic Gods (Deity enforcement/divine order)
• The exchange of people, ideas, and material-culture including, to me, the new god (Sky Father) and goddess (Earth Mother) religion between the Cucuteni-Trypillians and others which is then spread far and wide
• Koryaks: Indigenous People of the Russian Far East and Big Raven myths also found in Tlingit, Haida, Tsimshian, and other Indigenous People of North America
• 42 Principles Of Maat (Egyptian Goddess of the justice) around 4,400 years ago, 2000 Years Before Ten Commandments
• “Happy Easter” Well Happy Eostre/Ishter
• 4,320-3,820 years old “Shimao” (North China) site with Totemistic-Shamanistic Paganism and a Stepped Pyramid
• 4,250 to 3,400 Year old Stonehenge from Russia: Arkaim?
• 4,100-year-old beaker with medicinal & flowering plants in a grave of a woman in Scotland
• Early European Farmer ancestry, Kelif el Boroud people with the Cardial Ware culture, and the Bell Beaker culture Paganists too, spread into North Africa, then to the Canary Islands off West Africa
• Flood Accounts: Gilgamesh epic (4,100 years ago) Noah in Genesis (2,600 years ago)
• Paganism 4,000 years old: related to “Anarchism and Socialism” (First Moralistic gods, then the Origin time of Monotheism)
• When was the beginning: TIMELINE OF CURRENT RELIGIONS, which start around 4,000 years ago.
• Early Religions Thought to Express Proto-Monotheistic Systems around 4,000 years ago
• Kultepe? An archaeological site with a 4,000 years old women’s rights document.
• Single God Religions (Monotheism) = “Man-o-theism” started around 4,000 years ago with the Great Sky Spirit/God Tiān (天)?
• Confucianism’s Tiān (Shangdi god 4,000 years old): Supernaturalism, Pantheism or Theism?
• Yes, Your Male God is Ridiculous
• Mythology, a Lunar Deity is a Goddess or God of the Moon
• Sacred Land, Hills, and Mountains: Sami Mythology (Paganistic Shamanism)
• Horse Worship/Sacrifice: mythical union of Ruling Elite/Kingship and the Horse
• The Amorite/Amurru people’s God Amurru “Lord of the Steppe”, relates to the Origins of the Bible God?
• Bronze Age Exotic Trade Routes Spread Quite Far as well as Spread Religious Ideas with Them
• Sami and the Northern Indigenous Peoples Landscape, Language, and its Connection to Religion
• Prototype of Ancient Analemmatic Sundials around 3,900-3,150 years ago and a Possible Solar Connection to gods?
• Judaism is around 3,450 or 3,250 years old. (“Paleo-Hebrew” 3,000 years ago and Torah 2,500 years ago)
• The Weakening of Ancient Trade and the Strengthening of Religions around 3000 years ago?
• Are you aware that there are religions that worship women gods, explain now religion tears women down?
• Animistic, Totemistic, and Paganistic Superstition Origins of bible god and the bible’s Religion.
• Myths and Folklore: “Trickster gods and goddesses”
• Jews, Judaism, and the Origins of Some of its Ideas
• An Old Branch of Religion Still Giving Fruit: Sacred Trees
• Dating the BIBLE: naming names and telling times (written less than 3,000 years ago, provable to 2,200 years ago)
• Did a Volcano Inspire the bible god?
• Yamnaya culture or at least Proto-Indo-European Languages/Religions may actually relate back to North Asia?
• The Amorite/Amurru people’s God Amurru “Lord of the Steppe”, relates to the Origins of the Bible God?
• Dené–Yeniseian language, Old Copper Complex, and Pre-Columbian Mound Builders?
• No “dinosaurs and humans didn’t exist together just because some think they are in the bible itself”
• Sacred Shit and Sacred Animals?
• Everyone Killed in the Bible Flood? “Nephilim” (giants)?
• Hey, Damien dude, I have a question for you regarding “the bible” Exodus.
• Archaeology Disproves the Bible
• Bible Battle, Just More, Bible Babble
• The Jericho Conquest lie?
• Canaanites and Israelites?
• Accurate Account on how did Christianity Began?
• Let’s talk about Christianity.
• So the 10 commandments isn’t anything to go by either right?
• Misinformed christian
• Debunking Jesus?
• Paulism vs Jesus
• Ok, you seem confused so let’s talk about Buddhism.
• Unacknowledged Buddhism: Gods, Savior, Demons, Rebirth, Heavens, Hells, and Terrorism
• His Foolishness The Dalai Lama
• Yin and Yang is sexist with an ORIGIN around 2,300 years ago?
• I Believe Archaeology, not Myths & Why Not, as the Religious Myths Already Violate Reason!
• Archaeological, Scientific, & Philosophic evidence shows the god myth is man-made nonsense.
• Aquatic Ape Theory/Hypothesis? As Always, Just Pseudoscience.
• Ancient Aliens Conspiracy Theorists are Pseudohistorians
• The Pseudohistoric and Pseudoscientific claims about “Bakoni Ruins” of South Africa
• Why do people think Religion is much more than supernaturalism and superstitionism?
• Religion is an Evolved Product
• Was the Value of Ancient Women Different?
• 1000 to 1100 CE, human sacrifice Cahokia Mounds a pre-Columbian Native American site
• Feminist atheists as far back as the 1800s?
• Promoting Religion as Real is Mentally Harmful to a Flourishing Humanity
• Screw All Religions and Their Toxic lies, they are all fraud
• Forget Religions’ Unfounded Myths, I Have Substantiated “Archaeology Facts.”
• Religion Dispersal throughout the World
• I Hate Religion Just as I Hate all Pseudoscience
• Exposing Scientology, Eckankar, Wicca and Other Nonsense?
• Main deity or religious belief systems
• Quit Trying to Invent Your God From the Scraps of Science.
• Archaeological, Scientific, & Philosophic evidence shows the god myth is man-made nonsense.
• Ancient Alien Conspiracy Theorists: Misunderstanding, Rhetoric, Misinformation, Fabrications, and Lies
• Misinformation, Distortion, and Pseudoscience in Talking with a Christian Creationist
• Judging the Lack of Goodness in Gods, Even the Norse God Odin
• Challenging the Belief in God-like Aliens and Gods in General
• A Challenge to Christian use of Torture Devices?
• Yes, Hinduism is a Religion
• Trump is One of the Most Reactionary Forces of Far-right Christian Extremism
• Was the Bull Head a Symbol of God? Yes!
• Primate Death Rituals
• Christian – “God and Christianity are objectively true”
• Australopithecus afarensis Death Ritual?
• You Claim Global Warming is a Hoax?
• Doubter of Science and Defamer of Atheists?
• I think that sounds like the Bible?
• History of the Antifa (“anti-fascist”) Movements
• Indianapolis Anti-Blasphemy Laws #Free Soheil Rally
• Damien, you repeat the golden rule in so many forms then you say religion is dogmatic?
• Science is a Trustable Methodology whereas Faith is not Trustable at all!
• Was I ever a believer, before I was an atheist?
• Atheists rise in reason
• Mistrust of science?
• Open to Talking About the Definition of ‘God’? But first, we address Faith.
• ‘United Monarchy’ full of splendor and power – Saul, David, and Solomon? Most likely not.
• Is there EXODUS ARCHAEOLOGY? The short answer is “no.”
• Lacking Proof of Bigfoots, Unicorns, and Gods is Just a Lack of Research?
• Religion and Politics: Faith Beliefs vs. Rational Thinking
• Hammer of Truth that lying pig RELIGION: challenged by an archaeologist
• “The Hammer of Truth” -ontology question- What do You Mean by That?
• Navigation of a bad argument: Ad Hominem vs. Attack
• Why is it Often Claimed that Gods have a Gender?
• Why are basically all monotheistic religions ones that have a male god?
• Shifting through the Claims in support of Faith
• Dear Mr. AtHope, The 20th Century is an Indictment of Secularism and a Failed Atheist Century
• An Understanding of the Worldwide Statistics and Dynamics of Terrorist Incidents and Suicide Attacks
• Intoxication and Evolution? Addressing and Assessing the “Stoned Ape” or “Drunken Monkey” Theories as Catalysts in Human Evolution
• Sacred Menstrual cloth? Inanna’s knot, Isis knot, and maybe Ma’at’s feather?
• Damien, why don’t the Hebrews accept the bible stories?
• Dealing with a Troll and Arguing Over Word Meaning
• Knowledge without Belief? Justified beliefs or disbeliefs worthy of Knowledge?
• Afrocentrism and African Religions
• Crecganford @crecganford offers history & stories of the people, places, gods, & culture
• Empiricism-Denier?

I am not an academic. I am a revolutionary that teaches in public, in places like social media, and in the streets. I am not a leader by some title given but from my commanding leadership style of simply to start teaching everywhere to everyone, all manner of positive education. 

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

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Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

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Knowledge to Ponder: 

Stars/Astrology:

• Possibly, around 30,000 years ago (in simpler form) to 6,000 years ago, Stars/Astrology are connected to Ancestors, Spirit Animals, and Deities.
• The star also seems to be a possible proto-star for Star of Ishtar, Star of Inanna, or Star of Venus.
• Around 7,000 to 6,000 years ago, Star Constellations/Astrology have connections to the “Kurgan phenomenon” of below-ground “mound” stone/wood burial structures and “Dolmen phenomenon” of above-ground stone burial structures.
• Around 6,500–5,800 years ago, The Northern Levant migrations into Jordon and Israel in the Southern Levant brought new cultural and religious transfer from Turkey and Iran.
• “The Ghassulian Star,” a mysterious 6,000-year-old mural from Jordan may have connections to the European paganstic kurgan/dolmens phenomenon.

“Astrology is a range of divinatory practices, recognized as pseudoscientific since the 18th century, that claim to discern information about human affairs and terrestrial events by studying the apparent positions of celestial objects. Different cultures have employed forms of astrology since at least the 2nd millennium BCE, these practices having originated in calendrical systems used to predict seasonal shifts and to interpret celestial cycles as signs of divine communications. Most, if not all, cultures have attached importance to what they observed in the sky, and some—such as the Hindus, Chinese, and the Maya—developed elaborate systems for predicting terrestrial events from celestial observations. Western astrology, one of the oldest astrological systems still in use, can trace its roots to 19th–17th century BCE Mesopotamia, from where it spread to Ancient Greece, Rome, the Islamicate world and eventually Central and Western Europe. Contemporary Western astrology is often associated with systems of horoscopes that purport to explain aspects of a person’s personality and predict significant events in their lives based on the positions of celestial objects; the majority of professional astrologers rely on such systems.” ref 

Around 5,500 years ago, Science evolves, The first evidence of science was 5,500 years ago and was demonstrated by a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge about the natural world. ref

Around 5,000 years ago, Origin of Logics is a Naturalistic Observation (principles of valid reasoning, inference, & demonstration) ref

Around 4,150 to 4,000 years ago: The earliest surviving versions of the Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh, which was originally titled “He who Saw the Deep” (Sha naqba īmuru) or “Surpassing All Other Kings” (Shūtur eli sharrī) were written. ref

Hinduism:

• 3,700 years ago or so, the oldest of the Hindu Vedas (scriptures), the Rig Veda was composed.
• 3,500 years ago or so, the Vedic Age began in India after the collapse of the Indus Valley Civilization.

Judaism:

• around 3,000 years ago, the first writing in the bible was “Paleo-Hebrew”
• around 2,500 years ago, many believe the religious Jewish texts were completed

Myths: The bible inspired religion is not just one religion or one myth but a grouping of several religions and myths

• Around 3,450 or 3,250 years ago, according to legend, is the traditionally accepted period in which the Israelite lawgiver, Moses, provided the Ten Commandments.
• Around 2,500 to 2,400 years ago, a collection of ancient religious writings by the Israelites based primarily upon the Hebrew Bible, Tanakh, or Old Testament is the first part of Christianity’s bible.
• Around 2,400 years ago, the most accepted hypothesis is that the canon was formed in stages, first the Pentateuch (Torah).
• Around 2,140 to 2,116 years ago, the Prophets was written during the Hasmonean dynasty, and finally the remaining books.
• Christians traditionally divide the Old Testament into four sections:
• The first five books or Pentateuch (Torah).
• The proposed history books telling the history of the Israelites from their conquest of Canaan to their defeat and exile in Babylon.
• The poetic and proposed “Wisdom books” dealing, in various forms, with questions of good and evil in the world.
• The books of the biblical prophets, warning of the consequences of turning away from God:
• Henotheism:
• Exodus 20:23 “You shall not make other gods besides Me (not saying there are no other gods just not to worship them); gods of silver or gods of gold, you shall not make for yourselves.”
• Polytheism:
• Judges 10:6 “Then the sons of Israel again did evil in the sight of the LORD, served the Baals and the Ashtaroth, the gods of Aram, the gods of Sidon, the gods of Moab, the gods of the sons of Ammon, and the gods of the Philistines; thus they forsook the LORD and did not serve Him.”
• 1 Corinthians 8:5 “For even if there are so-called gods whether in heaven or on earth, as indeed there are many gods and many lords.”
• Monotheism:
• Isaiah 43:10 “You are my witnesses,” declares the LORD, “and my servant whom I have chosen, so that you may know and believe me and understand that I am he. Before me no god was formed, nor will there be one after me.

Around 2,570 to 2,270 Years Ago, there is a confirmation of atheistic doubting as well as atheistic thinking, mainly by Greek philosophers. However, doubting gods is likely as old as the invention of gods and should destroy the thinking that belief in god(s) is the “default belief”. The Greek word is apistos (a “not” and pistos “faithful,”), thus not faithful or faithless because one is unpersuaded and unconvinced by a god(s) claim. Short Definition: unbelieving, unbeliever, or unbelief.

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

While hallucinogens are associated with shamanism, it is alcohol that is associated with paganism.

The Atheist-Humanist-Leftist Revolutionaries Shows in the prehistory series:

Show one: Prehistory: related to “Anarchism and Socialism” the division of labor, power, rights, and recourses.

Show two: Pre-animism 300,000 years old and animism 100,000 years old: related to “Anarchism and Socialism”

Show tree: Totemism 50,000 years old: related to “Anarchism and Socialism”

Show four: Shamanism 30,000 years old: related to “Anarchism and Socialism”

Show five: Paganism 12,000 years old: related to “Anarchism and Socialism”

Show six: Emergence of hierarchy, sexism, slavery, and the new male god dominance: Paganism 7,000-5,000 years old: related to “Anarchism and Socialism” (Capitalism) (World War 0) Elite and their slaves!

Show seven: Paganism 5,000 years old: progressed organized religion and the state: related to “Anarchism and Socialism” (Kings and the Rise of the State)

Show eight: Paganism 4,000 years old: Moralistic gods after the rise of Statism and often support Statism/Kings: related to “Anarchism and Socialism” (First Moralistic gods, then the Origin time of Monotheism)

Prehistory: related to “Anarchism and Socialism” the division of labor, power, rights, and recourses: VIDEO

Pre-animism 300,000 years old and animism 100,000 years old: related to “Anarchism and Socialism”: VIDEO

Totemism 50,000 years old: related to “Anarchism and Socialism”: VIDEO

Shamanism 30,000 years old: related to “Anarchism and Socialism”: VIDEO

Paganism 12,000 years old: related to “Anarchism and Socialism” (Pre-Capitalism): VIDEO

Paganism 7,000-5,000 years old: related to “Anarchism and Socialism” (Capitalism) (World War 0) Elite and their slaves: VIEDO

Paganism 5,000 years old: progressed organized religion and the state: related to “Anarchism and Socialism” (Kings and the Rise of the State): VIEDO

Paganism 4,000 years old: related to “Anarchism and Socialism” (First Moralistic gods, then the Origin time of Monotheism): VIEDO

I do not hate simply because I challenge and expose myths or lies any more than others being thought of as loving simply because of the protection and hiding from challenge their favored myths or lies.

The truth is best championed in the sunlight of challenge.

An archaeologist once said to me “Damien religion and culture are very different”

My response, So are you saying that was always that way, such as would you say Native Americans’ cultures are separate from their religions? And do you think it always was the way you believe?

I had said that religion was a cultural product. That is still how I see it and there are other archaeologists that think close to me as well. Gods too are the myths of cultures that did not understand science or the world around them, seeing magic/supernatural everywhere.

I personally think there is a goddess and not enough evidence to support a male god at Çatalhöyük but if there was both a male and female god and goddess then I know the kind of gods they were like Proto-Indo-European mythology.

This series idea was addressed in, Anarchist Teaching as Free Public Education or Free Education in the Public: VIDEO

Our 12 video series: Organized Oppression: Mesopotamian State Force and the Politics of power (9,000-4,000 years ago), is adapted from: The Complete and Concise History of the Sumerians and Early Bronze Age Mesopotamia (7000-2000 BC): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=szFjxmY7jQA by “History with Cy“

Show #1: Mesopotamian State Force and the Politics of Power (Samarra, Halaf, Ubaid)

Show #2: Mesopotamian State Force and the Politics of Power (Eridu “Tell Abu Shahrain”)

Show #3: Mesopotamian State Force and the Politics of Power (Uruk and the First Cities)

Show #4: Mesopotamian State Force and the Politics of Power (First Kings)

Show #5: Mesopotamian State Force and the Politics of Power (Early Dynastic Period)

Show #6: Mesopotamian State Force and the Politics of Power (King/Ruler Lugalzagesi)

Show #7: Mesopotamian State Force and the Politics of Power (Sargon and Akkadian Rule)

Show #8: Mesopotamian State Force and the Politics of Power (Naram-Sin, Post-Akkadian Rule, and the Gutians)

Show #9: Mesopotamian State Force and the Politics of Power (Gudea of Lagash and Utu-hegal)

Show #10: Mesopotamian State Force and the Politics of Power (Third Dynasty of Ur / Neo-Sumerian Empire)

Show #11: Mesopotamian State Force and the Politics of Power (Amorites, Elamites, and the End of an Era)

Show #12: Mesopotamian State Force and the Politics of Power (Aftermath and Legacy of Sumer)