12,000 – 2,000 Years Ago – Indigenous-Scandinavians (Nordic)

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art 

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Scandinavian (Nordic) Bronze Age Ritualistic Petroglyphs

“Scandinavian rock art comprises two categories: The first dates to the Nordic Stone Age (in Norway from between 8,000-1,800 BCE or around 10,020 to 3,820 years ago), and usually depicts animals, there are also examples of boats, humans, and various geometrical figures. A popular interpretation is “hunting magic” art or clan animal totems as well as a possibility these animals could have been believed as spiritual/supernatural animals seen in a trance. This also highlights not only cultic rituals but also as source material for cultural history and potentially social hierarchies. The second dates to the Nordic Bronze Age (1,700-500 BCE or around 3,720 to 2,520 years ago). This second kind of Scandinavian rock art was made by farmers, usually in the Nordic Bronze Age, the Pre-Roman Iron Age and the Roman Iron Age (in Norway 1800 BCE until AD 400). The most common motifs are the cup mark (cupule), boats, horses, people (often brandishing weapons), foot soles, wagons, and many kinds of abstract geometrical symbols (such as spirals, concentric circles etc.) Interpretations of this kind of art has usually been that of a fertility cult, with the ship being a mythical ship that is sometimes seen pulling abstract representations of the sun.” ref, ref

“The Nordic Bronze Age is often considered ancestral to the Germanic peoples, a successor of the Corded Ware culture 2,900-2,350 BCE or around 4,920 to 4,370 years ago in southern Scandinavia and Northern Germany. The Corded Ware people carried mostly Western Steppe Herder ancestry and were closely related to the people of the Yamna culture (or Yamnaya), “documenting a massive migration into the heartland of Europe from its eastern periphery,” the Eurasiatic steppes. The Corded Ware culture may have disseminated the Proto-Germanic and Proto-Balto-Slavic Indo-European languages. The Corded Ware Culture also shows a genetic affinity with the later Sintashta culture, where the Proto-Indo-Iranian language may have originated. The Nordic Bronze Age could be a fusion of elements from the Corded Ware culture and the preceding Pitted Ware culture 3,200-2300 BCE or around 5,220 to 4,320 years ago a hunter-gatherer culture.” ref, ref, ref, ref

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

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Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

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Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

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First Pottery of Europe and the Related Cultures

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

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Baltic Reindeer Hunters: Swiderian, Lyngby, Ahrensburgian, and Krasnosillya cultures 12,020 to 11,020 years ago are evidence of powerful migratory waves during the last 13,000 years and a genetic link to Saami and the Finno-Ugric peoples.

Archaeology shows both the common culture and genetics of the earliest Indo-Europeans in Europe were forming from the 8,000-6,020 years ago, due to migration of the Western Baltic Mesolithic population linked with Poland. Scandinavian Hunter-Gatherers: mix of Western and Eastern Hunter-Gatherers beginning around 13,000 years ago.

Baltic Reindeer Hunters: Swiderian, Lyngby, Ahrensburgian, and Krasnosillya cultures 12,020 to 11,020 years ago are evidence of powerful migratory waves during the last 13,000 years and a genetic link to Saami and the Finno-Ugric peoples. Two Different Bone Point Phases: fine-barbed 11,200–10,100 years ago and larger-barbed 9,658–8,413 years ago.

• Epi-gravettian
• Magdalenian
• Swiderian culture
• Hamburgian
• Creswellian

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

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Genetic Relations to Ancient North Eurasians (ANE):

Eastern hunter-gatherer (EHG)

Caucasus hunter-gatherer (CHG)

Western hunter-gatherer

Scandinavian hunter-gatherer

Iberian hunter-gatherers

Zagros/Iranian Hunter-Gatherer (IHG) 

Iranian Neolithic Farmers (INF)

Anatolian hunter-gatherer (AHG)

Anatolian Neolithic Farmers (ANF)

Early European Farmers (EEF)

Yamnaya/Steppe Herders (WSH)

Origin of Y-DNA Haplogroup R1a and Expansion (VIDEO)

Indo-Europeans to Asia (Y-DNA Haplogroup R1a-Z93) (VIDEO)

How did the Y-DNA Haplogroup R1b become European? (Human Migration) (VIDEO)

Are the people in Africa’s R1b European?(R1b-V88) (VIDEO)

Haplogroup mt-DNA R

Haplogroup Y-DNA R

Haplogroup Y-DNA R1

Haplogroup Y-DNA R1a

Haplogroup Y-DNA R1b

Haplogroup Y-DNA R2a

Haplogroup Y-DNA IJ

Haplogroup Y-DNA J1

Haplogroup Y-DNA J2

Haplogroup Y-DNA I2a

Villabruna 1 (burial)/Ripari Villabruna rock shelter in northern Italy (14,000 years old)

Satsurblia Cave (burial) in the Country of Georgia (13,000 years old)

Motala (burial) (8,000 years old)

Genetic Relations to Ancient North Eurasians: Zagros/Iranian, Anatolian, Eastern, Caucasus, Western, Scandinavian, and Iberian hunter-gatherers

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

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This art above explains my thinking from my life of investigation

I am an anarchist (Social anarchism, Left-wing anarchism, or Socialist anarchism) trying to explain prehistory as I see it after studying it on my own starting 2006. Anarchists are for truth and believe in teaching the plain truth; misinformation is against this, and we would and should fight misinformation and disinformation.

I see anarchism as a social justice issue not limited to some political issue or monetary persuasion. People own themselves, have self/human rights, and deserve freedoms. All humanity is owed respect for its dignity; we are all born equal in dignity and human rights, and no plot of dirt we currently reside on changes this.

I fully enjoy the value (axiology) of archaeology (empirical evidence from fact or artifacts at a site) is knowledge (epistemology) of the past, adding to our anthropology (evidence from cultures both the present and past) intellectual (rational) assumptions of the likely reality of actual events from time past.

I am an Axiological Atheist, Philosopher & Autodidact Pre-Historical Writer/Researcher, Anti-theist, Anti-religionist, Anarcho Humanist, LGBTQI, Race, & Class equality. I am not an academic, I am a revolutionary sharing education and reason to inspire more deep thinking. I do value and appreciate Academics, Archaeologists, Anthropologists, and Historians as they provide us with great knowledge, informing us about our shared humanity.

I am a servant leader, as I serve the people, not myself, not my ego, and not some desire for money, but rather a caring teacher’s heart to help all I can with all I am. From such thoughtfulness may we all see the need for humanism and secularism, respecting all as helpful servant leaders assisting others as often as we can to navigate truth and the beauty of reality.

‘Reality’ ie. real/external world things, facts/evidence such as that confirmed by science, or events taken as a whole documented understanding of what occurred/is likely to have occurred; the accurate state of affairs. “Reason” is not from a mind devoid of “unreason” but rather demonstrates the potential ability to overcome bad thinking. An honest mind, enjoys just correction. Nothing is a justified true belief without valid or reliable reason and evidence; just as everything believed must be open to question, leaving nothing above challenge.

I don’t believe in gods or ghosts, and nor souls either. I don’t believe in heavens or hells, nor any supernatural anything. I don’t believe in Aliens, Bigfoot, nor Atlantis. I strive to follow reason and be a rationalist. Reason is my only master and may we all master reason. Thinking can be random, but reason is organized and sound in its Thinking. Right thinking is reason, right reason is logic, and right logic can be used in math and other scientific methods. I don’t see religious terms Animism, Totemism, Shamanism, or Paganism as primitive but original or core elements that are different parts of world views and their supernatural/non-natural beliefs or thinking.

I am inspired by philosophy, enlightened by archaeology, and grounded by science that religion claims, on the whole, along with their magical gods, are but dogmatic propaganda, myths, and lies. To me, religions can be summed up as conspiracy theories about reality, a reality mind you is only natural and devoid of magic anything. And to me, when people talk as if Atlantis is anything real, I stop taking them seriously. Like asking about the reality of Superman or Batman just because they seem to involve metropolitan cities in their stores. Or if Mother Goose actually lived in a shoe? You got to be kidding.

We are made great in our many acts of kindness, because we rise by helping each other.

NE = Proto-North Eurasian/Ancient North Eurasian/Mal’ta–Buret’ culture/Mal’ta Boy “MA-1” 24,000 years old burial

A = Proto-Afroasiatic/Afroasiatic

Y= Proto-Yeniseian/Yeniseian

S = Samara culture

ST = Proto-Sino-Tibetan/Sino-Tibetan

T = Proto-Transeurasian/Altaic

C = Proto-Northwest Caucasus language/Northwest Caucasian/Languages of the Caucasus

I = Proto-Indo-European/Indo-European

IB = Iberomaurusian Culture/Capsian culture

Natufian culture (15,000–11,500 years ago, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, the Sinai Peninsula, and the Negev desert)

Proto-Uralic/Uralic languages

Nganasan people/Nganasan language

Na-Dene languages/Dené–Yeniseian, Dené–Caucasian

Tlingit language

Proto-Semitic/Semitic languages

Sumerian language

Proto-Basque/Basque language

24,000 years ago, Proto-North Eurasian Language (Ancient North Eurasian) migrations?

My thoughts:

Proto-North Eurasian Language (Ancient North Eurasian) With related Y-DNA R1a, R1b, R2a, and Q Haplogroups.

R1b 22,0000-15,000 years ago in the Middle east creates Proto-Afroasiatic languages moving into Africa around 15,000-10,000 years ago connecting with the Iberomaurusian Culture/Taforalt near the coasts of Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia.

R2a 10,000 years ago in Iran brings/creates Proto-Indo-European language and also a possibility is R1a in Russia around 9,000 years ago may have had a version of Proto-Indo-European language.

Around 14,000-10,000 years ago??? Proto-North Eurasian Language goes to the Yellow River basin (eventually relating with the Yangshao culture) in China creates Proto-Sino-Tibetan language.

Proto-Sino-Tibetan language then moves to the West Liao River valley (eventually relating with the Hongshan culture) in China creating Proto-Transeurasian (Altaic) language around 9,000 years ago.

N Haplogroups 9,000 years ago with Proto-Transeurasian language possibly moves north to Lake Baikal. Then after living with Proto-North Eurasian Language 24,000-9,000 years ago?/Pre-Proto-Yeniseian language 9,000-7,000 years ago Q Haplogroups (eventually relating with the Ket language and the Ket people) until around 5,500 years ago, then N Haplogroups move north to the Taymyr Peninsula in North Siberia (Nganasan homeland) brings/creates the Proto-Uralic language.

Q Haplogroups with Proto-Yeniseian language /Proto-Na-Dene language likely emerge 8,000/7,000 years ago or so and migrates to the Middle East (either following R2a to Iraq or R1a to Russia (Samara culture) then south to Iraq creates the Sumerian language. It may have also created the Proto-Caucasian languages along the way. And Q Haplogroups with Proto-Yeniseian language to a migration to North America that relates to Na-Dené (and maybe including Haida) languages, of which the first branch was Proto-Tlingit language 5,000 years ago, in the Pacific Northwest.

Sino-Tibetan language then moves more east in China to the Hemudu culture pre-Austronesian culture, next moved to Taiwan creating the Proto-Austronesian language around 6,000-5,500 years ago.

R1b comes to Russia from the Middle East around 7,500 years ago, bringing a version of Proto-Indo-European languages to the (Samara culture), then Q Y-DNA with Proto-Yeniseian language moves south from the (Samara culture) and may have been the language that created the Proto-Caucasian language. And R1b from the (Samara culture) becomes the 4,200 years or so R1b associated with the Basques and Basque language it was taken with R1b, but language similarities with the Proto-Caucasian language implies language ties to Proto-Yeniseian language.

24,000 Years Old Proto-North Eurasian Language (Ancient North Eurasian) migrations? Became: Proto-Afroasiatic, Proto-Sino-Tibetan, Proto-Transeurasian, Proto-Indo-European, Proto-Yeniseian, Proto-Na-Dene, Proto-Caucasian, Sumerian, Proto-Austronesian, and the Basque language

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

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Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

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Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

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Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

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Early Russian Pottery in Cisbaikal Kitoi culture 7,500 years ago, Samara culture 7,000 years ago, and Yamnaya culture 5,600–4,600 years ago, as well as Proto-Indo-European emergence

My thoughts on the Origin of the Mound Builders of the Americas: mainly C-Y-DNA in the Mounds of North America and mainly Q-Y-DNA in the Mounds of South America, and their seeming connections to mounds all over the world

12,000 – 2,000 Years Ago – Indigenous-Scandinavians (Nordic)

12,000 – 2,000 Years Ago – Indigenous-Scandinavians (Nordic), found Petroglyphs and archeological findings such as settlements dating from about 12,000 are found in the traditional lands of the Sami. There are significant changes in genetic makeup of North East Europeans through time. In Ice age Eurasia went through two phases of mass extinctions, first 52,000 to 32,000 years ago and by around 40,000-35,000 years ago there is evidence of human presence was discovered in the European Arctic along the western flank of the Ural Mountains. matching human migrations as well, beginning with Aurignacian culture peoples (deep branches in different parts of Europe) dating to around 37,000. Around 34,000 to 26,000 years ago Gravettians displaced Aurignacians and both maybe distinct genetically but connect to the same origin group. And around 27,000 years ago evidence of human presence at a site on the Yana River above the Arctic Circle in Siberia and Europe’s northernmost point include a dart foreshaft. In relation to clement a major cold event expanded ice sheets around 27,000 to 20,000 years ago where much of northern Europe was covered by the Fenno-Scandinavian ice sheet and much of central-southern Europe as well was covered by the Alpine ice sheet.

Around 19,000 – 15,000 Magdalenians related to the Aurignacians migrated and by about 14,000 years ago populations from around Turkey and Greece, spread into Europe seeming to coincide with a larger majority of animals going extinct around 15,000 and 11,000 years ago. With this 14,000-years-old migration blue eyes begin to also spread due to new gene flows and the Middle East and Europe started having closer genetic links. And it would seem likely there was also spreading of religious and other cultural transfer. Therefore, from around 37,000 years ago and 14,000 years ago different groups of Europeans were still largely descended from similar originating monadic hunting groups and began human migrations are thought to be largely linked to changes in the climate, limiting of resources and animal migrations or extinctions. Eurasia is a land consented by the DNA of peoples as well as land stretches from Europe through to the Caucasus, Central Asia/Northern Asia, Siberia and Beringia. 

Around 12,000 to 7,000 years ago in northwest Europe hunter gathers DNA held high frequencies and diversity seen in European hunter-gatherers from Iberia to Scandinavia. As early as 11,000 to 8,000 years ago the glyphs mainly involve hunting and fishing mainly found in Northern Scandinavia (Jamtland center of Sweden, Nord-Trondelag center of Norway and Nordland “Northern Sami” is a county in Norway). Around 13,000 years ago it is thought that the Scandinavia became ice-free although at around 14,500 years ago the Hamburg culture seems to have beed pushing itself at the edge of the ice on Scania, which is at the southernmost part of Sweden. Around 12,000 years ago nomadic hunter gathers are increasingly represented in Scania The Komsa Culture from around 12,000 to 10,000 years ago existed in Northern Norway and whose predecessor possibly links to central and Uralic parts of Russia seen in cultural artifacts links from the Ural Mountains north and north-west into Fenno-Scandinavia. Around 11,800 years ago the Bromme-Ahrensburg culture emerge from and spread with the recession of northerly glaciers and changing of other cultures in the area between 17,000 to 12,000 years ago. This changing of cultures likely has a connection to the extinction of mammoth and other large animals utilized for food a provided need to utilize other forms of food resources this included maritime resources.

Northward migrations also seem to coincide with two warm events first of which is the Bolling event beginning around 14,700 years ago then maxing out at around 14,500 years ago to and Allerod events 14,100 years ago maxing out at around 13,000 years ago and possibly ending around 10,900 years ago. There may a possible link from the people of the Komsa culture to the ancestors of the Sami. Traditional Sami’s shamanistic culture was not an isolate rather it was a part of a larger arctic pattern of shamanistic cultures. This pattern of arctic shamanism seems to generally include reverence for and ceremonies to animals, use of drums and a belief that spirits were generally present in all life forms likely thanking the animal for their life. Shamanistic cultures commonly can be thought to have had a reverence of the ancestors such as in Sami shamanism the Sarahkka (lives under fire and helps during birth) An Akka is a female spirit in Sami shamanism as well as goddess of fertility in Finnish mythology and in Estonian mythology Akka is known as Maan-Emo (Finland) An earth goddess. The wife of Ukko, god of thunder. She prsides over the fertility of women. Furthermore, akka could be seen as a kind of “mother earth spirit”, Mader-akka in Sami shamanism is seen as the first akka mother of the tribe, Sar-akka is the goddess of fertility. Sami shamanism like other similar shamanistic cultures seems to attach to an affinity to mountains seen in the naming of the Ahkka mountain range in northern Sweden likely is connected to Mattar-ahkka “Grandmother/ Mother Earth Spirit” and Sar-ahkka (who lives under the fire and helps in birthing); and Uks-ahkka (helper of newborns). Sami shamanistic/totemistic rock art takes various forms from carvings, engravings and paintings made with red ochre often involving anthropomorphs motifs some of which may represent ancestor or other believed zoomorphic spirits both of which are often found in the depictions on traditional Sami dress, decorative jewelry and drums. And on some of the early historical Sami drums sometimes depicting images of Mattarahkka taking other forms such as a mythical reindeer cow, matching typical female gendered mythical reindeer/elk cow figures (possablly also Earth Mothers) in the rock art of various north Eurasian peoples where they were a hunted animal. Pointing to such a significance is the around 6,000 to 4,000-year-old the 900 feet geoglyph outlying in a shape similar to a mythical reindeer/elk or moose on slopes of the Zyuratkul Mountains in the Southern Urals, Russia. This connecting of migrating is somewhat expressed in the Proto-Finno-Ugric/Uralic speaking peoples who likely having an originating connection to the Gravettian culture around 34,000 year ago that used to hunt big game including bison, horse, reindeer and mammoth though also used nets to hunt small game.

This Gravettian culture who succeeded the Aurignacians had a large expression and thus is found at sites in Italy, France, Spain, Britain, Central Europe, and Russia are thought to have followed the retreating icecap northward, reaching the Baltic and southern area of Finland. Gravettian peoples further developed religious/ cultural iconography with their art expressions such as portable sculptures mainly of women and animals called Venus Figurines made mainly in ivory, stone or even primitive ceramic appearing across Europe. In addition, Gravettian involved refinement in petroglyphs and engravings and appeared in France about 27,000 years ago. Then around 11,000 years ago or earlyer it is thought that the Proto-Sami people may connect to the peoples originated in an area from northern Spain to southeastern France, who had moved northward to Fennoscandia. Likewise, around 11,000 to 10,000 years ago some of the first, ancestors of the Sami are suggested to have reached Fennoscandia from Western Europe along the cast of Norway as part of the expansion of post-Ahrensburgian cultures (Fosna-Hensbacka and Komsa). Furthermore, the diverse Sami may even have some connecting origins in post-Swiderian cultures (Kunda, Veretye, Suomusjarvi), which came from Poland into North East Europe around 12,000 to 10,000 years ago. Sami DNA diversity has been influenced by a combination of presumably multiple founder event(s) and reproductive isolation likely due in some part to the challenging conditions of sub-arctic Europe. Around 10,000 years ago glaciers had receded Finland and presumably allowed the Proto-Sami to travel where it is thought that they encountered/mixed as well as likely had a cultural/religious transfer with the Proto-Finns who were another indigenous group in the area. Interestingly enough both the Fins and the Sami both developed shamanic traditions. Around 9,265 to 9,140 years ago, evidence at the Sujala site in the northernmost borough of Finnish Lapland where the Sami people are the most numerous. Around 9,000-5,000 years ago the Komsa culture in Finland also seems to share similarities with the Suomusjarvi culture (around 10,300-7,000 years ago) spread into Finland from the east.

Moreover, there is evidence of human occupation in southern Finland around 9,300 years ago, evident in a Antrea fishnet found on the Karelian Isthmus close to the Russia-Finland border an area where the comb-ware is dated to about as old as 7,600 years ago. A possible connecting origin of or to this culture is the Jeulmun (Pit-Comb “Comb-patterned” ware) Pottery that has an “Early” phase beginning in Korean around 10,000 years ago. Korea shamans are often female and interestingly enough Korean shamanism has common connections with shamanism in northern Asia including Siberia. Shamanistic stone arrangements are seen in many areas ranging from piles of arranged rocks, Menhirs “monolith standing stone” found alone or as part of a group, to Dolmens “megalithic standing stone tomb.” In Finland a Napakivi (pole/navel stone) or tonttukivi (elf stone) is a standing stone connecting to fertility, protection or death, such as being placed the middle of a field, central spot or the heart of an pile of stones compiled burial mound and Juminkeko pole stones are located in the Western and Southwestern Finland and southeastern Norway is the main area of dolmens both of which may also have some cultural connection with sami seids as well as central European and Great Britian megaliths. The Haga dolmen (Swedish: Hagadosen) is a thin slab “stone box” like dolmen, which dates to around 5,400 years ago containing several artifacts sch as an amber necklace, slate jewelry, a flint knife and a stone axe.

Around 7,000 years ago Dolmens begin to be situated in Brittany France and were found in Britain, Ireland and southern Scandinavia about 4,000 Similarly, Sami seids (Finnish: Seita) maybe dolmen and other standing stones or stone arrangements which may also be associated with artifacts generally found at places north-European people believed to be sacred such as the mountains, tundra, lakes, or other natural formation. Around 5, 000 years ago in the North-Western Caucasus there are found dolmens (few tombs have breasts, done in relief), also seem to generally involve thin slab “stone box” like dolmens situated along the coast of the Black Sea and southern Caucasus mountain range extends eastwards to the Caspian Sea in northwestern Iran, and into northeastern Turkey. In fact, there are thousands of dolmens above-ground stone burial structures scattered across the Middle East, found in Israel, Yemen, Syria, Jordan, Iran and Turkey. Dolmen-like structures occur throughout much of the Levant commonly dating to around 5,000 years ago and one special around 4,000 years old Dolmen table-like burial structures with the multi-burial of both adults and children along with a roof containing engraved shapes depicting symbols involving a simple line attached to the inside of an open semicircle on its ceiling found at the Golan Heights in Israel. Which is interestingly similar but reversed shapes to the Zuschen (megalithic dolmen tomb) Germany, dated to around 5,000 years ago with engraved shapes depicting symbols involving a simple line attached to the outside of an open semicircle, interpreted as possibly stylized cattle. Another monumental stone display in Israel called Rujm el-Hiri, involves a circular monument of stones in the middle of a large plateau covered with hundreds of surrounding dolmens and ancient beads have been found at dolmens in the Galilee. Moreover, Dolmen like structures are also found in Switzerland, Italy, islands in the Mediterranean, India as well as in parts of Africa. Dolmens “monolith table top roof with standing stones,” which have different names in other languages, including Abkhaz (northwest of Georgia south of russia): Adamra, Adyghe Ispun, dysse; Dutch and Norwegian: hunebed; Galician and Portuguese: anta; German: Hunengrab/Hunenbett; Irish: dolmain; Korean: goindol/koindol or chisongmyo, Portugal: Granja, Spain: Galicia, and Swedish: dos. Dolmen like structures are also found in Switzerland, Italy, islands in the Mediterranean as well as in parts of Africa. Additionally, Dolmens may have served as places of ritual or worship and possibility a porthole to the spiritual world (some dolmans actually contain a circular porthole).

Most of the dolmens worldwide are dated to around 6,000 to 4,000 years ago but in Japan the oldest late Jomon type of dolmens only date to around 3,500 to 3,000 years ago and in Korea the dolmens are around 2,700 years old seeming to sujest the migration of populations from Europe transferring eventually to Japanese archipelago as well as in to the Korean Peninsula, and of course shared religious beliefs and myths. The genetics in a large number of buried peopes at the up to around 3,000 years ago shell mounds north-eastern Japan also connect to the indigenous peoples of the Primorsky Krai (southeasternmost part of Russian Far East bordered by China, North Korea) thought to have entered Japan from the north at a time not too different from that of the former (M7a) group. The prehistory of Japan when focacing on the origin of the Jomon culture’s peoples (around 16,000–3,000 years ago) were not homogeneous. Some of the Jomon peoples held ganedic similarities with the indigenous peoples of Siberia around 30,000 to 20,000 years ago but the main group came to Japan together with rice farming during the Yayoi period around 2,300 to 1,700 years ago. Therefore, the Japanese people are from intermixing southern Jomon and northern Yayoi which would involve religion as much as other culture and genes from different regions remaining in elements of the Kojiki “Account of Ancient Matters.” Kojiki (written in a form of Chinese with a heavy mixture of Japanese a collection of myths including the Kami (animistic concept), divine beings, spirits or phenomena worshiped in Shinto, a Japanese ethnic religion. Many kami are considered the ancient ancestors of entire clans, and some ancestors became kami upon their death. The Kojiki myths were utilized for Shinto written down around 1,300 years ago containing various songs/poems all written in a form of Chinese with Japanese elements. These Japanese earliest writings seem to express that the “Shinto religion” was unified mix of native beliefs and mythologies.

Moreover, the earliest evidence of Japanese creation myths includes various descriptions of kami, whose earliest roles were mostly as earth-based anthropomorphic “fertility” spirits from early hunter-gatherer groups, that often-worshipped supreme being/gods of mountains, trees, rocks, rivers, and seas. Testing the DNA of Sanganji Jomon individuals seems to show that they are closest to modern Japanese and more specifically held a strongest genetic connection to the Ainu indigenous people of Japan, followed by the Ryukyuan people indigenous peoples of the Ryukyu Islands between the islands of Kyushu and Taiwan. Therefore, the Japanese religion like the Japanese people came about from that kind of intermixing, thus it is likely the myths and records of different regions may have offered elements that were added in the Kojiki. The shinto torii sacred gates seem to have posable connections to India’s torana gates (2,300 years ago) seen in the hindu, buddhist and jain religious architecture. Religious bird perches in Asia, such as the Korean sotdae are commonly found at the entrance of villages with jangseung “totem poles” also similar to sotdae (tall wooden pole or stone pillar with a carved bird on its top) in other shamanistic cultures in China, Mongolia and Siberia. The word shinto (“way of the spirit/essences/gods”) “shin” refers to kami and “to” connects to the Chinese word dao/tao signifying ‘way’, ‘path’, ‘doctrine’ or ‘principle’ utilized within traditional Chinese philosophy/religions is the intuitive knowing of “life” that cannot be fully grasped, supposedly just its “essences” are believed to be known. The word “tao” in confucianism generally expresses moral or ethical usage whereas religious taoism (at least by 2,400 years ago) and the more metaphysical usage of the term used in philosophical taoism/daoism and most forms of Mahayana buddhism.

The Japanese myths are from intermixing of southern Jomon involving a variety of earthly gods/deities (kami), wih are similar to myths found from East Asia to Indonesia. Whereas the northern Yayoi has the characteristics of northern-type myths such as Ninigi-no-Mikoto whose mythology imply he was sent down to earth to plant rice and was claimed to be the great-grandfather of Emperor Jimmu who reportedly descends around 2,711 years ago (on the first day of the first month of the Chinese calendar) from the sun goddess Amaterasu. Chan Buddhism developed in China from around 1,600 years ago spreading to Vietnam as Thien, to Korea as Seon, and around 700 years ago to Japan as Zen. Chan style is thought to be a predictable evolution of Buddhism (thought to be a barbarian version of Taoism)” under the dominant Taoist religious thinking and it is this Taoist terminology “matching the concepts” that was used in the oldest translations of Buddhist texts. Some elements of Taoism may trace to prehistoric paganism/folk religions in China and Taoist ethics generally emphasize “naturalness” seeming to connect with the School of Yin-yang (“Naturalists” around 2,481 to 2,403 years ago) yin (dark, cold, female, negative) and yang (light, hot, male, positive) which were deeply influenced by one of the oldest texts of Chinese culture, the Yijing/I Ching (beginning around 3,000–years ago). Another Taoist practice “Naturalists” phenomena of the wu that also connected to the shamanic culture of northern China, Wuism likely originating in cultures such as the Hongshan culture. Chinese shamanic traditions are intrinsic to Chinese paganism/folk religion, an overarching term for all the indigenous religions of China.

A torii (bird abode, traditionally made from wood or stone) is a traditional Japanese gate commonly at the entrance of or within a Shinto shrine and is similar to symbolic gates widely dispersed throughout Asia, (India, China, Thailand, Korea, and within the indigenous Shompen and Nicobarese peoples found at the Nicobar Islands in the eastern Indian Ocean. The Shompen people closest to that of Indonesians and Austroasiatic people including the Nicobarese who follow the traditional animistic/totemistic religion of the islands believing in spirits, ghosts who are believed to exist all around the islands, which shamans call upon to handle the bad spirits. The prehistory of Korean and Japan become closer linked by steadily increasing contact with the Korean Peninsula beginning around 2,900 years ago. Moreover, Korean prehistoric religious/cultural iconography includes paintings, rock carvings, and stones positioned for religious ceremonies that may connect to the Pit-Comb pottery culture. Likewise, some of the oldest Pit-Comb pottery evidence are found in the remains of Liao civilization/xinglongwa culture found mainly around the Inner Mongolia-Liaoning border in China. The area of southern Liaoning is along north Korean where northern Inner Mongolia is along southern Mongolia. Moreover, this pottery culture was also in northeastern China which had burials under the pit-houses with jade objects as grave goods. The most special of this culture’s graves seems to have involved an around 8,000-year-old ceremonially burial of a male interned with a pair of pigs and jade objects.

A 7,200 years old wooden carving presumably a type of shamanistic totem, was from the Xinle culture (7,500–6,800 years ago) found in northeast China. And while the prehistory of Ceramics seems to begin with the Gravettian culture “Venus of Dolní Vestonice” figurine from the Czech Republic dated to around 29,000 years old. But the oldest usable pottery is from Jiangxi, China dated to around 20,000 years old and as well as Jomon culture in Japan dated to around 18,000 years ago, the oldest pottery from the Russian Far East dates to around 16,000 to 13,000 years ago, showing idea transfer was accruing and likely that involved religion. In Asia pottery came long before farming whereas in the Near East farming appeared before pottery, then when farming spread into Europe it appears in the Pit-Comb Ceramic Culture reflects influences from Siberia, Koria and distant China. Around 7,000-5,200 years ago the two groups both the Proto-Sami and Proto-Finic peoples joined together in the Pit–Comb Ware culture in Finland, Baltic and Russia that had diffused from the east to the Baltic Sea area. Comb Ceramic or Pit-Comb Ware developed in the northern woodlands of Eurasia and was transferred from the Baltic, Finland, south Siberia, Lake Baikal, Mongolian Plateau, Liaodong Peninsula, northeastern China and the Korean Peninsula. Pit-Comb culture transfer is quite extensive demonstrating vast exchange networks in red slate stone tools originating from northern Scandinavia, asbestos stone tools from Lake Saimaa, green slate stone tools from Lake Onega, amber artifacts from the southern shores of the Baltic Sea and flint stone tools from the Valdai area in northwestern Russia.

In Finland, the Pit-Comb peoples involved a maritime culture who probably used teepee but by around 6,000 tend to prefer rectangular timber houses and the burials covered with red ochre. This Pit-Comb culture seems diverse, possibly involving several languages and did produced small burnt clay figurines as well as stone animal heads often involving a reference to bears and moose in addition to many rock paintings which may express a shamanic connection such as that seen at around 100 of which in Finland. Rock painting from Juusjarvi Lake near Helsinki Finland are thought to depict a shaman in a trance possibly with a pike and presumably accompanied with a spirit helper fish. And interestingly, one of the first embryo-shaped figurines connects to the comb-pit culture around 5,000 years ago in the Ishim-Irtysh region in south-central Russia. One piece of supporting one part of the Sami ancestry may be found in how the languages of the Sami and many of the modern inhabitants of the Urals seem to be traced to a common ancestor. The Sami of Fennoscandia share a 9,000-year-old genetic ancestral connection to the Berbers of North Africa. All of Finland was ice-free by around 8,900 years ago and the Heinola sledge dated at 8,800 years ago was found in southern Finland along with the both with parallels in the East Baltic and Northwest Russia. And by around 8,500 years ago the peoples in the ariea become more semi-nomadic and reached northernmost Finland by 8,400 years ago or earlier.

Early Proto-Finnish shamanism seems to connect to Suomusjarvi culture of Finland. It is thought that the Proto-Finns developed a shamanic hunting-gathering-fishing culture similar to peoples across the sub-Arctic Eurasian such as the shamanism of the Evenks of Siberia. Likewise, there is a genetic link with its highest frequency is seen in Russia and among some Sami groups. Around 8,600 years ago, a Fosna culture settlement is found at Foskvattnet along the south Norwegian coast followed by the “Komsa Culture” that also is seen at early dated in arctic Norway and appear to have come from the east. Of special importance is a rock carving at Shiskino at the upper end of the Lena Riverseeming to show that peoples with a large dugout log, with what looks like large rabit ears or maybe ritualized moose/elk ears travelled from Ob River in western Siberia, Russia to Yenisei, to Ankara to the upper Lena Rivers. Part of Sami genetics have ben purposed to be focused at around 7,600 years ago, though the peoples amongst Sami and Finns maybe more around 6,600 years. Moreover, between around 7,500 to 6000 years ago some of the first people in Norway settled in Flatanger and Leka within Nord-Trondelag. Farming started in Denmark and southern Sweden about 6,000 years ago for at least the next few hundred years, settlers from more culturally developed regions of Central Europe and beyond immigrated/migrated introducing agricultural as well as the attributed religious thinking/deities that came with such a cultural transfer. It must be understood that there seems to ha e been long-distance contacts and connections across Eurasia. Which is further exposed by analyzing the genetic links between populations of Yuzhnyy Oleni Ostrov and Popovo (Western Russia 7,500 years ago)/Bol’shoy Oleni Ostrov (Kola Peninsula beyond the Arctic Circle Russian 3,500 years ago) and the populations of Siberia (10,000 to 6,000 years ago). Nomadic peoples travel long-distances and culturally integrated with as well as transferred genetically/culturally/religiously as they trailed and such long-distance connections across Eurasia where quite common. For example, it seems that hunter-gatherer pottery from the North East and East Europe may have originated from early ceramics from the Russian Far East and Siberia. A later migration from the East was associated with the spread of the Imiyakhtakhskaya culture from Yakutia (East Siberia) through northwestern Siberia to the Kola Peninsula during the Early Metal Age (around 4,000 to 3,000 years ago).

The DNA in later migration from the East has differences compared with around 10,000 to 5,000 years ago hunter-gatherer nomads and genetic influx from central/eastern Siberia. Moreover, comparing prehistoric and modern-day North-East Europeans/Sami demonstrates genetic differences. Tests on Bol’shoy Oleni Ostrov showed the highest shared genetics to Central Siberian Tuvinians, East Siberians and an indigenous Buryat indaidual of Central Siberia. Moreover, the genetic distributions in Bol’shoy Oleni Ostrov are similar to those found in all Central/East Siberian, Eurasia, Bashkirs in the Urals, Scandinavian and Baltic populations (Norwegians, Swedes, Finns, Ingrians, Karelians, and the Saami). Bol’shoy Oleni Ostrov genetics are 4,000 years younger and located further North-West than Yuzhnyy Oleni Ostrov and Popovo (7,500 years ago) but they show a large diversity of DNA lineages of Central/East Siberian origin as well as are the most common in northern, central and eastern Asia, which may have originated in eastern Asia and expanded through multiple migrations after 20,000 years ago. The indigenous Sami are all over Sweden were originally nomads/semi-nomadic people, living in teepees during the summer and peat huts during the cold. Sami people indigenous Finno-Ugric people region stretches over four countries: Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Russia. The teepee making Sami people, share a religion similar to many other indigenous peoples living in the same latitudes such as various Native/Aboriginal peoples and various Siberian peoples, though they had a practice Shamanism/pantheism-polytheism. The Sami Shaman, or noaidi, enabled ritual communication with the supernatural by tools such as drums, chants, and sacred objects. Sami have birth/mother female spirit/grandmother/goddesses as well as death spirit/grandmother/goddesses in addition to Beaivi goddess of the Sun, mother of humanity and her husband Bieggagallis was god of storms as well as the father of humanity. And Horagalles “Thor-man/grandfather” who was god of thunder and Thor was the Norse paganism’s most popular god. Thor was believed to be a supernatural being with a hammer-wielding god associated with thunder, lightning, storms, oak trees, strength, the protection of mankind, and hallowing and fertility. Early Sami religion variants the dead as well as animal spirits and utilized natural sacred sites such as mountains, springs, land formations, as well as man-made petroglyphs and labyrinths. Moreover, Sami genetics has conations at moderate frequencies across Europe, from Iberia (Portugal and Spain) to the Ural Mountains western Russia.

This genetic dispersal likely transferred religion as well and is thought to likely comprise ancient hunter migrations following migrating herds from the Central Siberian shifted up to the Tamir Peninsula northernmost part of the mainland of Eurasia, where today lives the Nenets/Samoyeds an indigenous people in northern arctic Russia, and some live at the Taymyr Peninsula. The shamanistic Nganasan people are an indigenous Samoyedic people inhabiting central Siberia, including the Taymyr Peninsula. Nenets with beliefs that involve animistic, totemistic and shamanistic thinking stressing respect for the land and its resources with a clan-based social structure. Nganasan beliefs involve animistic, totemistic and shamanistic, which are thought to be the descendants of Paleo-Siberian peoples who were culturally assimilated by various Samoyedic indigenous peoples of Siberia. The origin of ancient migrations may also be expressed in genetic connections between Bol’shoy Oleni Ostrov (3,500 years ago) and modern-day central Siberian Buryats seems to indicate an early eastern connection with west. In addition, there is DNA that seems to link to migrations from Siberia around the time of the Kama culture aound 8,000 years ago in the southern Urals to the Pechora and Vychegda basins northwest Urals to the modern populations in the Volga-Ural Basin and the Sami which seems to genetically connect to Bol’shoy Oleni Ostrov (3,500 years ago) seemingly expressing migration brought ‘Central/East Siberian’ DNA into North East Europe further dispersing religious thinking as well. The genetic evidence seems to connect Bol’shoy Oleni Ostrov to ancient genetic West Siberia as well as the Altai area.

The Northern Bronze Age of Scandinavian prehistory dates to around 3,700 to 2,500 years ago with sites hold bronze and gold objects were all imported, primarily from Central Europe and rock carvings depict ships, and the large stone burial monuments known as stone ships continuity of a maritime cultures as well as other continuity in religion where men or gods are depicted with erected phallus to express vitality and fertility going back around 7,300 years ago (Ertebolle culture: red ochre and deer antlers in some graves, with women buried with necklaces and belts of animal teeth/shells as well as a Mollegabet  burial in a dugout tree trunk which may express a beginning of Scandinavian boat burials). This intermixing of genetics was mirrored by religious thinking as well such as how at no time was even the Norse religion homogeneous but rather it too was a conglomerate of related customs and beliefs inherited, borrowed, and/or transferred which led to a wide variety of cultural differences in customs, poetic traditions and myths. Though the Norse religion Sacrifice “blot” held a connecting or commonly distributed role in most of the rituals as well as communal feasting on the sacrificed animals, which usually involving beer or mead shamanistic masked dancers, along with music, and singing. Norse pagan “blot” worship with sacrifice to the Norse gods, the spirits of the land, and maybe even someone’s ancestors and could involve horse sacrifice also found in Indo-European people including the Indian, Celtic and Latin. Ancestors constituted as one of the most ancient and widespread types of deity worshipped in the Nordic region.

Even though the Norse paganism is often portrayed as male centric there was wide use of female goddesses as well as fertility and divination rituals expressed in place-names that shown a connection to the goddess Freyja near place names connected to the god Freyr and the Old Norse term for a priest gothi and the Old Norse term for a priest and gyoja for priestess. Though religious development was common connect them seen in how the petroglyphs and engraved bronze razor knifes of the Bronze Age turn into the runestones of the Viking Age. These motifs were gradually included (around 4,000 to 2,000 years ago) with more zoomorphic glyphs or religious themes primarily depict ships, solar and lunar motifs, geometrical spirals and anthropomorphic beings, which seems to possibly mark the beginning of Norse religion. Religious transfer seems thunderstone discoveries found in Viking burials that held thunderstones up to around 5,000 years older than the graves but also thousands of year old Bronze age thunderstone discoveries were also older than the United Kingdom graves that held them. This valuing of prehistoric stones to Vikings may have connection to or from the legends of Thor, possibly believing that Thor’s thunderstone protected the dead. The name Corded Ware culture refers to its pottery the name Battle/Boat Axe culture, is named from its characteristic grave offering to males, a stone boat-shaped battle axe with similarities to the contemporary Beaker culture, that may have contributed to the pan-European spread of that culture.

The earliest “Maritime” Bell Beaker “drinking vessel” design is likely from Iberia, specifically in Portugal around 4,800 to 4,700 years ago, spreading from there to many parts of western Europe initially as the western equivalent of the Corded Ware culture but from around 4,400 years ago the Bell Beaker culture expanded eastwards over parts of Central and Eastern Europe as far east as Poland where Corded Ware was found, which included Scandinavia but not in the British Isles. Corded Ware culture was not a “unified culture,” but was genetically related to the Yamnaya culture suggesting migrations from the Eurasiatic steppes and encompassed a vast area occupying parts of Northern Europe, Central Europe and Eastern Europe. The around 7,300 years ago Ertebolle culture began to expand along the Baltic coast then shortly thereafter it was replaced by the Funnel(neck)beaker culture around 6,300 to 4,800 years ago, divided into northern, south-central, eastern, and western groups. Some burials included ceramic vessels with food, amber jewelry and flint axes oldest graves consisted of wooden chambers but were later stone passage graves and dolmens. Importantly northern Funnelbeaker culture included northern Germany and southern Scandinavia and the appearance of Megalithic tombs and passage graves (around 5,400 years ago in Denmark). Do to the high Northwest African DNA in Funnelbeaker, there is a good chance that Iberian Megalithic people (which had 6,000-year-old Megalithic passage graves, such as the Seven-Stone Antas in Portugal and Spain with large interlocking stones making a large chamber which could been an early astronomical sky gazing structures long before telescopes) inherited genes from Northwest Africans. Northwest Africans were said to “worshipped rocks/worshiped with rocks” so a megalithic culture may have been part of both a cult of the dead or worship of the heavens/star-worship or maybe a passage/portal/gateway for the dead to travel to the heavens/stars.

Capsian culture Northwest Africans had burial covered with ochre on tools and bodies suggesting both a religious belief in afterlives as well as later early religion being relatively connected to cults of the dead as well as fertility cults, that may have focused on a females, goddess or goddesses. These Capsian peoples where part of a Mesolithic culture with common decorative art including figurative and abstract rock art Ostrich eggshells beads and seashells were used for necklaces of the region of western North Africa, which lasted from about 12,000 to 8,000 years ago, with some sites attested in southern Spain to Sicily. Around 7,000 years ago proto-Berber tribes of North Africa primarily descended from the Iberomaurusian and Capsian North African cultures. There may be influences for the Maritime Bell Beaker precursors in northern Africa possibly the result of sea faring contacts between Iberia and North Africa sometime around 5,000 years ago or older. Today, most Berber people live in North Africa, mainly in Libya, Algeria, and Morocco. The Maghreb region in northwestern Africa is believed to have been inhabited by Berbers ancestors from possibly around 12,000 years ago demonstrated in the presence of cave paintings dated to around 12,000 years ago in the Tassili n’Ajjer region of southern Algeria and yet another rock art expression is found in the Libyan desert.

Then between around 6,000 to 2,000 years ago the society involved domestication and subsistence agriculture, developed in the Saharan and Mediterranean region (the Maghreb) where the ancient tombs which held the dead usually buried in a fetal position that where painted with ochre seems to have been primarily a Capsian style industry where the dead sometimes were buried with ostrich egg shells, jewelry, and weapons. Unlike the majority of mainland Berbers, the Guanches mummified the dead and a Libyan thus Burber mummy is older than any comparable Ancient Egyptian mummies. The cult of the dead seems to have been quite popular among the Berbers and it is reported that the Augilae (Modern Awjila in Libya) considered the spirits of their ancestors to be gods. Ancient Berber tombs, mausoleum of Madghacen seems to indicate that the Berbers and their forebears (the Numidians and Mauretanians) all believed in an afterlife. The prehistoric people of northwest Africa first started by buried bodies in little holes only to later start bury the dead in caves, tumuli, tombs in rocks, mounds, and other types of tombs showing an evilution. These tombs evolved from primitive structures to much more elaborate ones, such as the pyramidal tombs spread throughout Northern Africa. The pyramidal Berber tombs with the great Egyptian pyramids on the basis of the etymological and historical data.

The best known of the Berber pyramids, are the around 60 ft. Numidian pyramid of the Medracen and the around 100 ft. Mauretanian pyramid. In general, polytheistic Africans are thought to in a since worship the rocks or in another since worship with rocks. The megalithic culture may have been part of a cult of the dead or of star-worship and cultural religious transfer was likely between the ancient Egyptians and their neighbors the Berbers. Moreover, it likewise seems possible that some deities were originally worshipped by both the Ancient Egyptians and the Ancient Libyans (Berbers). Egyptian deities worshipped by the ancient Eastern Berbers at least involved Isis and Set. The Egyptians considered some Egyptian deities to have had a Libyan (Berbers) origin, such as Neith who has been considered, by Egyptians, to have emigrated from Libya to establish her temple at Sais in the Nile Delta. Neith/Nit/Net/Neit served as a protector or guardian goddess and was an early Egyptian goddess in the patron deity of Sais “Sa El Hagar” an ancient Egyptian town in the Western Nile Delta dated at least as early as the First Egyptian Dynasty around 5,100 to 5,050 years ago. The Temple of Sais like many ancient Egyptian temples was associated with a medical school and particularly the medical school at Sais had many female students as well as women faculty. An inscription from Sais dated around a similar time roughly reads, “I have studied at the Sais woman’s school where the divine mothers have taught me how to cure diseases.”

Some legends tell that Neith was born around Lake Tritons (in modern Tunisia). Furthermore, some Egyptian deities were depicted with Berber (ancient Libyan) characters such as the goddess Ament which was portrayed with two feathers, the normal ornaments of the Ancient Libyans but were drawn by the Ancient Egyptians. Ammon identified with the Egyptian supreme deity Amun so was also a common deity of the Egyptians as well as the Berbers and possibly one of the greatest ancient Berber gods. Moreover, the Lydian (western Turkey) king Croesus (2,560-2,546 years ago) is seem to have offered sacrifices to the god Ammon thus seemingly the cult had begun to spread outside North Africa spreading to the Greek world at least by around 2,522 to 2,445 years ago the first Greeks to visit the Ammon shrine are seen to have called him the god Zeus Ammon. Berber meaning “barbaric” and the first known reference of the term “barbarian” to describe Numidia. He was honored by the Ancient Greeks in Cyrenaica, and was united with the Phoenician god Baal due to Libyan influence. Early depictions of rams (related possibly to an early form of the cult of this deity) across North Africa have been dated to between around 9,600 to 7,500 years ago. The time at which the most recent common ancestor of the Berber DNA is about 3,700 years ago time that the Green Sahara era.

Saharan rock paintings and engravings, which we now know date back to the African Humid Period, a humid phase across North Africa which peaked between around 9,000 and 6,000 years ago. This would imply a male dominated migration, likely bringing the current Berber languages as well, just before the dawn of the historic era in Egypt and well after the likely ethnogenesis of the Chadic people around 5,700 years ago whose DNA corresponds well with the archaeologically calibrated date of origin of these peoples. Some human remains (some with animal bones: crocodiles, fish, clams, turtles, and hippos) are buried with clay potsherds, beads, and stone tools. Such animal remains suggests a Green Sahara. While it may seem strange today the Sahara about 12,000 years ago became green after being dry for around 70,000 years due to a sway in the Earth’s axis bringing rains to new areas turning the area green thus attracting different animals and eventually people. The 10,000-year-old Gobero site is the oldest known graveyard in the Sahara Desert located in Niger north Western Africa. From around 9,500 to 8,200 years ago and is characterized by a wet climate and the first evidence of Kiffians (with highs as much as 6-foot 8-inches) occupation a hunter-fisher-gatherer group the Kiffians vanished approximately 8,000 years ago, when the desert became very dry for a long while.

Then from 7,200 to 4,200 years ago the second main occupation by the Tenerians. Tenerians were considerably shorter in height had different skeletal configurations, which was less robust than the earlier Kiffians. The Berber “Moors” tribal nomadic and semi-nomadic lifestyle populations of antiquity are known as Numidians and later as Mauri in classical antiquity. These are umbrella terms that would include populations whose self-designation was a variety of tribal names, although Strabo asserts that Mauri was also used indigenously. The Libu of ancient Egyptian sources, eponymous of the name Libya may also have been an early Berber or Proto-Berber population. The tightly bundled burials date to around 9,000 years ago in the middle of the Kiffian era and smaller but evolved “sleeping” skeletons date to around 6,000 years old years ago within the Tenerian period. Unique burials involve a Tenerian woman posed facing two young children with their hands interlaced laid on a bed of flowers and another male buried with a finger in his mouth. Another burial of seeming importance was as elaborate ritualized grave had been interred inside a frame of disarticulated human bones and yet another involved an adult male with partially burnet bones buried with a boar tusk and a crocodile ankle bone with his head resting on a clay pot.

There was ceremonial jewelry offered as part of some grave goods, including a young girl wearing a bracelet made from the hippo tusk and a man buried with the carapace of a turtle. And most interesting is a likely family grave was also found, with a woman and two children buried on their sides, facing each other and with hands entwined. They were buried with four hollow based points, and there was pollen evidence found at the probable family burial, suggesting that flowers decorated the grave. Burber genetics found in West Africans and Tibetans evidence of some back migration from Eurasia and this is generally true for North Africans as well as most Ethiopians and Somolians that tend to have DNA connecting them with West Eurasia.

Most other sub-Saharan Africans have almost no West Eurasian DNA. Beaker-people of Iberia Portugal and Spain seemed to have had some kind of relations with the Atlantic coast of North Africa, with evidence of Beakers found at a few sites in Morocco and there are other forms of pottery such as the lemon-shaped vases found in both Spain and North Africa. Early dates for Bell Beaker phenomenon are found in Portugal and Cerro de la Virgen in Spain around 5,900 to 4,500 although instead of ‘battle-axes’ seen in the similar Swedish-Norwegian Battle Axe culture/Boat Axe culture, the Bell Beaker culture used copper daggers. Speaking of how the Beaker culture tended to use copper a Palmela (Portugal) style tanged dagger that seems to have been a ritual object was as old as 5,500 years ago from North Africa. Moreover, from North Africa other finds involve Palmela points, axes, and awls and a rectangular axe that may be from Spain. Tongue-daggers, Palmela points, axes, and awls where found in burials from Portugal. Palmela points from the Iberian Peninsula and southern France are a common grave good rather than a tool found in structures thus seems to have been ritual objects that are thought to originate during the Bell-Beaker Period and last until the Early Bronze Age.

Funnelbeaker Rock carving from Sotetorp Sweden show a sailing vessel with a dragon/horse head in the bow, holding 13 men and two mythical figures with horned or elk/moose eared helmets as well as holding big axes and matching large phallus’. Similarly, there is evidence of religious meaning in horned helmets found in two horned bronze helmets in Denmark are obviously unfit for fighting and must have been used in religious ceremonies and are believed to be like those seen in many Bronze Age rock carvings as well as are also common in the south of Europe possibly even originating there. From rock carvings of mythical beings with horned helmets and large axes are seen in several petroglyph depictions. Like the ceremonial horned helmets there have been found ceremonial axes are made of thin fragile bronze unfit for fighting and with erect penis which could relate to the god Freyr pictured as a phallic fertility deity and one of the most important gods of Norse religion. The name Freyr derives from the Proto-Norse frawjaz meaning “lord” and is associated with a sacred religious/political kingship.

Moreover, the Funnelbeaker culture maybe a precursor of the Bell-beaker ceramic that would spread across the western half of Europe from around 4,800 years ago. And it was followed by The Swedish-Norwegian Battle Axe culture/Boat Axe culture in the north still using some of the practices from the previous Funnelbeaker culture showing a connectivity of transfer. This connected but evolved is seen in how the Funnelbeaker culture had collective megalithic graves with collective sacrifices, whereas the Battle Axe culture has individual graves with individual sacrifices. The Swedish-Norwegian Battle Axe culture appeared around 4,800 years ago and is known from about 3000 graves from Scania to Uppland and Trondelag. Around 5,000 to 4,350 years ago Corded Ware Culture/the Battle Axe culture/Single Grave culture is associated with the diffusion of Proto-Germanic and Proto-Balto-Slavic speakers and was a blend of cultural elements of the earlier Funnelbeaker culture and with the PIE steppe culture (Yamna). DNA studies of Yamnaya and Corded Ware Culture burials shows that a genetic transformation took place where the DNA from around 12,000 to 6,000 was heavily reduced by the new Yamnaya DNA (Yamnaya culture also known as the Pit Grave culture or Ochre Grave culture dates to around 5,500 to 4,000).

This genetic group seems to show that the first farmers in Central Europe stems from a significant religio-cultural as well as genetic transfer via migration, beginning in Turkey and the Near East; where farming originated and only after is seen in Germany around 7500 years ago. Around 4,800 years ago involved a time of changes in Jutland and areas east of Denmark when the Single Grave Culture’s neighbor to the east was called the Battle Axe Culture/Boat(shaped)Axe Culture and are thought to have spoken Proto-Indo-European with burials generally date between 4,800–4,200 years ago found in central, northern, and Eastern Europe. Similar cultural discussion may be involved as the Single Grave Culture in Denmark, Holland and North Germany, the Battle Axe Culture of Sweden, Norway and Finland, and the Fatjanovo Culture in Russia expressed in a wide geographic distribution of similar cultural sharing/adapting. This new Yamnaya/Yamna Pit-Ochre Grave culture’s genetic presence provided much of the genetic material for contemporary European populations. About 5,000 years ago Saqqaq culture Paleo-Eskimo Paleo-Eskimo wave of migration from Siberia into the Arctic region that occurred producing “Saqqaq man,” settlement in eastern Greenland about 4,000 years ago. Interestingly enough, both Saqqaq Paleo-Eskimo and modern-day Eskimo’s each have DNA linking them to eastern Siberia but with differing genetic lineages. Saqqaq Paleo-Eskimo Siberian Far East genetic lineages connecting to the Nganasans, the Chukchis, and closest to the Koryaks as well as Aleuts (a native people of the Aleutian Islands, Alaska).

There is commonly some amount of religious localization differences after connected original religious transfer. Seen in how new religious uses are applied to difference practices, such as how the Aleuts have a style of expressing their animism/totemistic/shaminism tattoos and piercings, believing body art attributed spiritual authority and could please the animal spirits or fend off evil. Similarly, believing body piercing placing nose, mouth, and ears could fend off evil spirits (khoughkh) entering through the nose, mouth, and ears. Body art also enhanced their beauty, social status, and spiritual authority. The Koryaks who are indigenous people of the Russian Far East, north of the Kamchatka Peninsula in coastlands of the Bering Sea. The Koryaks practice animism/shamanism centralizing on Quikil (Big-Raven/supernatural shaman), that is believed to have been the first man and protector of the Koryak. Similar big raven myths are also found on Haida indigenous people of the Pacific Northwest Coast of North America. occupied Haida Gwaii British Columbia, Canada since at least the 12,500 years ago, possibly as much as over 17,000 years. Among the Tlingit, Tsimshian, and other Alaskan natives and Northwest Coast Amerindians and the Aleuts and different from contemporary Eskimos DNA did not resemble the present-day Eskimos or the Na-Dene population, ancestors of most Native Americans. and was independent of both the Native American and Inuit expansions into the Americas. Saqqaq man’s closest living relatives were the Chukchis, people who live at the easternmost tip of Siberia. Moreover, Saqqaq man’s ancestors split apart from Chukchi or Chukchee people of Russia some 5,500 years ago. It should be understood, that religion as well as its love of gods, must be seem for what they are, which beyond their pomp and circumstance are exposed as little more than indoctrinated cultural products, the conspiracy theories of reality no one should believe today in our world of science. Simply, religion and its gods are the leftovers of an ignorant age trying to explain and control a fearful world which seems now favored by the uninformed, misinformed, emotional/physical/social support seekers and conmen.

References:

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavian_prehistory
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordic_Stone_Age
• https://anthropology.ku.edu/cherry-picked-team-discovers-ancient-migration-wave-siberia-arctic
• http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/11/science/11genome.html
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koryaks
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haida_people
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1pmi
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sami_people
• http://www.laits.utexas.edu/sami/dieda/hist/SamiPrehistRevisitNew.htm
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_studies_on_Sami
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleut
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sami_shamanism#Deities
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromme_culture
• http://www.academia.edu/29089411/Stone_Age_Scania._Significant_places_dug_and_read_by_contract_archaeology
• https://sweden.se/society/sami-in-sweden/
• http://www.samer.se/1008
• http://www.academia.edu/29089411/Stone_Age_Scania._Significant_places_dug_and_read_by_contract_archaeology
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thor
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norse_religion
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A4mtland
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nord-Tr%C3%B8ndelag
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bl%C3%B3t
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gothi
• http://sciencenordic.com/first-scandinavian-farmers-were-far-more-advanced-we-thought
• http://www.paabo.ca/uirala/preface2016.html
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1199377/
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berbers
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Berber_religion
• http://www.aggsbach.de/2016/08/battle-axesand-the-corded-ware-culture/
• https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/green-sahara-african-humid-periods-paced-by-82884405
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gobero
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenerian_culture
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Names_of_the_Berber_people
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_history_of_North_Africa
• http://dispatchesfromturtleisland.blogspot.com/2012/06/y-dna-e-didnt-back-migrate-to-africa.html
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taymyr_Peninsula
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nenets_people
• http://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1038&context=anthro_papers
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ural_(region)
• http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-36150502
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaternary_extinction_event
• http://faculty.washington.edu/akn/1510903.pdf
• https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suomusj%C3%A4rvi
• http://www.cuyamungueinstitute.com/articles-and-news/finns-and-the-saami-rich-shamanic-traditions/
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comb_Ceramic
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinglongwa_culture
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinle_culture
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeulmun_pottery_period
• http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168583X04006615
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pottery
• http://humanorigins.si.edu/oldest-pottery
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pit%E2%80%93Comb_Ware_culture
• http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/37144356/ceramic-figurine-from-assemblage-comb-pit-ware-found-mergen-6
• http://www.cuyamungueinstitute.com/articles-and-news/finns-and-the-saami-rich-shamanic-traditions/
• https://www.laits.utexas.edu/sami/dieda/hist/early.htm
• http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-3569545/The-founding-fathers-Europe-DNA-reveals-Europeans-related-group-lived-Belgium-35-000-years-ago.html
• http://www.baiki.org/contentFeatures/Vesterheim-who%20are%20the%20sami.pdf
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akka_(spirit)
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahrensburg_culture
• http://www.pasthorizonspr.com/index.php/archives/03/2013/mattarahkka-mother-earth-in-sami-rock-art
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B8lling-Aller%C3%B8d_warming
• http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/prehistoric/gravettian-art.htm
• http://www.koreasociety.org/doc_view/914-korean-shamanism-today-by-burns-jennifer
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolmen
• http://www.ancient.eu/article/987/
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_geoglyph
• http://www.haaretz.com/archaeology/1.775318
• http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=32311
• http://unusualplaces.org/saami-sacred-stone-vottovaara-mountain/
• https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juminkeko
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haga_dolmen
• https://www.britannica.com/topic/dolmen
• https://hague6185.wordpress.com/2013/06/10/caucasus-dolmens/
• http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1179/0075891412Z.0000000008?journalCode=ylev20
• http://www.haaretz.com/archaeology/1.775318
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C5%8Dmon_period#Late_and_Final_J.C5.8Dmon_.281500.E2.80.93900.2F300_BCE.29
• https://heritageofjapan.wordpress.com/yayoi-era-yields-up-rice/lifestyle-and-society-of-the-land-of-wa/days-of-mourning-and-ways-of-burying/visit-a-megalithic-dolmen-site/
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Jimmu
• http://www.japanpolicyforum.jp/archives/culture/pt20160603213440.html
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tao
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chan_Buddhism
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoism
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Ching
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/School_of_Naturalists
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_shamanism
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torii
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shompen
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicobarese
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kami
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kojiki
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanganji_shell_mound
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryukyuan_people
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norse_rituals
• http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2010/08/100810-thor-thors-hammer-viking-graves-thunderstones-science/
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erteb%C3%B8lle_culture
• http://www.eupedia.com/genetics/funnelbeaker_culture.shtml
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corded_Ware_culture
• http://www.dandebat.dk/eng-dk-historie9.htm
• http://www.sci-news.com/astronomy/iberian-megalithic-tombs-lensless-telescopes-03987.html
• http://www.academia.edu/10377479/The_Functionality_of_Palmela_Points_as_Throwing_Weapons_and_Projectiles_Use-Wear_Marks
• https://www.researchgate.net/figure/312119531_fig1_Fig-1-Left-Tongue-daggers-Palmela-points-axes-Halberd-and-awls-of-arsenic-copper
• http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/381/1/Searight,Susan_Ph.D._2001.pdf
• West Africa Before the Europeans: Archaeology & Prehistory By O. Davies: https://books.google.com/books?id=Sh0hBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA174&lpg=PA174&dq=early+moroccan+copper+dagger+north+africa&source=bl&ots=R6CJ3eJVCO&sig=DFbGvpu8jJgz64DHtvXkXp2MD4I&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjoqMy-kO7TAhUE-GMKHcOeCZYQ6AEIWTAP#v=onepage&q=early%20moroccan%20copper%20dagger%20north%20africa&f=false
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsian_culture
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freyr
• https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veks%C3%B8hjelmene
• http://www.ancient.eu/Ammon_(Deity)/
• http://onespiritx.tripod.com/gods33.htm

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

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Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

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Animism: Respecting the Living World by Graham Harvey 

“How have human cultures engaged with and thought about animals, plants, rocks, clouds, and other elements in their natural surroundings? Do animals and other natural objects have a spirit or soul? What is their relationship to humans? In this new study, Graham Harvey explores current and past animistic beliefs and practices of Native Americans, Maori, Aboriginal Australians, and eco-pagans. He considers the varieties of animism found in these cultures as well as their shared desire to live respectfully within larger natural communities. Drawing on his extensive casework, Harvey also considers the linguistic, performative, ecological, and activist implications of these different animisms.” ref

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

Religious Sexism

• Speech on the Evolution of Religion & Religious Sexism
• Sexism in the Major World Religions
• Sexism in the BIBLE: chapter and verse!
• Sexism in Christianity (New Testament)
• Sexism in Judaism (old Testament)
• Sexism in Islam? Face Covering: Religious Freedom or Religious Oppression
• Sexism in Islam
• Sexism in Protestantism
• Sexism in Catholicism
• Sexism in Mormonism
• Sexism in Jehovah Witness
• Sexism in Bahaism
• Sexism in Sikhism
• Sexism in Confucianism
• Sexism in Taoism
• Sexism in Jainism
• Sexism in Shintoism
• Sexism in Buddhism
• Sexist Buddha
• Sexism in Hinduism
• Taoism yang and yin is very sexist

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

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Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

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Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

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Hinduism around 3,700 to 3,500 years old. ref

 Judaism around 3,450 or 3,250 years old. (The first writing in the bible was “Paleo-Hebrew” dated to around 3,000 years ago Khirbet Qeiyafa is the site of an ancient fortress city overlooking the Elah Valley. And many believe the religious Jewish texts were completed around 2,500) ref, ref

Judaism is around 3,450 or 3,250 years old. (“Paleo-Hebrew” 3,000 years ago and Torah 2,500 years ago)

“Judaism is an Abrahamic, its roots as an organized religion in the Middle East during the Bronze Age. Some scholars argue that modern Judaism evolved from Yahwism, the religion of ancient Israel and Judah, by the late 6th century BCE, and is thus considered to be one of the oldest monotheistic religions.” ref

“Yahwism is the name given by modern scholars to the religion of ancient Israel, essentially polytheistic, with a plethora of gods and goddesses. Heading the pantheon was Yahweh, the national god of the Israelite kingdoms of Israel and Judah, with his consort, the goddess Asherah; below them were second-tier gods and goddesses such as Baal, Shamash, Yarikh, Mot, and Astarte, all of whom had their own priests and prophets and numbered royalty among their devotees, and a third and fourth tier of minor divine beings, including the mal’ak, the messengers of the higher gods, who in later times became the angels of Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Yahweh, however, was not the ‘original’ god of Israel “Isra-El”; it is El, the head of the Canaanite pantheon, whose name forms the basis of the name “Israel”, and none of the Old Testament patriarchs, the tribes of Israel, the Judges, or the earliest monarchs, have a Yahwistic theophoric name (i.e., one incorporating the name of Yahweh).” ref

“El is a Northwest Semitic word meaning “god” or “deity“, or referring (as a proper name) to any one of multiple major ancient Near Eastern deities. A rarer form, ‘ila, represents the predicate form in Old Akkadian and in Amorite. The word is derived from the Proto-Semitic *ʔil-, meaning “god”. Specific deities known as ‘El or ‘Il include the supreme god of the ancient Canaanite religion and the supreme god of East Semitic speakers in Mesopotamia’s Early Dynastic Period. ʼĒl is listed at the head of many pantheons. In some Canaanite and Ugaritic sources, ʼĒl played a role as father of the gods, of creation, or both. For example, in the Ugaritic texts, ʾil mlk is understood to mean “ʼĒl the King” but ʾil hd as “the god Hadad“. The Semitic root ʾlh (Arabic ʾilāh, Aramaic ʾAlāh, ʾElāh, Hebrew ʾelōah) may be ʾl with a parasitic h, and ʾl may be an abbreviated form of ʾlh. In Ugaritic the plural form meaning “gods” is ʾilhm, equivalent to Hebrew ʾelōhîm “powers”. In the Hebrew texts this word is interpreted as being semantically singular for “god” by biblical commentators. However the documentary hypothesis for the Old Testament (corresponds to the Jewish Torah) developed originally in the 1870s, identifies these that different authors – the Jahwist, Elohist, Deuteronomist, and the Priestly source – were responsible for editing stories from a polytheistic religion into those of a monotheistic religion. Inconsistencies that arise between monotheism and polytheism in the texts are reflective of this hypothesis.” ref

Jainism around 2,599 – 2,527 years old. ref

Confucianism around 2,600 – 2,551 years old. ref

Buddhism around 2,563/2,480 – 2,483/2,400 years old. ref

Christianity around 2,o00 years old. ref

Shinto around 1,305 years old. ref

Islam around 1407–1385 years old. ref

Sikhism around 548–478 years old. ref

Bahá’í around 200–125 years old. ref

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

Expressions of Atheistic Thinking:

• Around 2,600 years ago, Ajita Kesakambali, ancient Indian philosopher, who is the first known proponent of Indian materialism. ref
• Around 2,535 to 2,475 years ago, Heraclitus, Greek pre-Socratic philosopher, a native of the Greek city Ephesus, Ionia, on the coast of Anatolia, also known as Asia Minor or modern Turkey. ref
• Around 2,500 to 2,400 years ago, according to The Story of Civilization book series certain African pygmy tribes have no identifiable gods, spirits, or religious beliefs or rituals, and even what burials accrue are without ceremony. ref
• Around 2,490 to 2,430 years ago, Empedocles, Greek pre-Socratic philosopher and a citizen of Agrigentum, a Greek city in Sicily. ref
• Around 2,460 to 2,370 years ago, Democritus, Greek pre-Socratic philosopher considered to be the “father of modern science” possibly had some disbelief amounting to atheism. ref
• Around 2,399 years ago or so, Socrates, a famous Greek philosopher was tried for sinfulness by teaching doubt of state gods. ref
• Around 2,341 to 2,270 years ago, Epicurus, a Greek philosopher known for composing atheistic critics and famously stated, “Is God willing to prevent evil, but not able? Then he is not omnipotent. Is he able, but not willing? Then he is malevolent. Is he both able and willing? Then whence cometh evil? Is he neither able nor willing? Then why call him god?” ref

This last expression by Epicurus, seems to be an expression of Axiological Atheism. To understand and utilize value or actually possess “Value Conscious/Consciousness” to both give a strong moral “axiological” argument (the problem of evil) as well as use it to fortify humanism and positive ethical persuasion of human helping and care responsibilities. Because value-blindness gives rise to sociopathic/psychopathic evil.

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

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Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

The “Atheist-Humanist-Leftist Revolutionaries”

Cory Johnston ☭ Ⓐ Atheist Leftist @Skepticallefty & I (Damien Marie AtHope) @AthopeMarie (my YouTube & related blog) are working jointly in atheist, antitheist, antireligionist, antifascist, anarchist, socialist, and humanist endeavors in our videos together, generally, every other Saturday.

Why Does Power Bring Responsibility?

Think, how often is it the powerless that start wars, oppress others, or commit genocide? So, I guess the question is to us all, to ask, how can power not carry responsibility in a humanity concept? I know I see the deep ethical responsibility that if there is power their must be a humanistic responsibility of ethical and empathic stewardship of that power. Will I be brave enough to be kind? Will I possess enough courage to be compassionate? Will my valor reach its height of empathy? I as everyone, earns our justified respect by our actions, that are good, ethical, just, protecting, and kind. Do I have enough self-respect to put my love for humanity’s flushing, over being brought down by some of its bad actors? May we all be the ones doing good actions in the world, to help human flourishing.

I create the world I want to live in, striving for flourishing. Which is not a place but a positive potential involvement and promotion; a life of humanist goal precision. To master oneself, also means mastering positive prosocial behaviors needed for human flourishing. I may have lost a god myth as an atheist, but I am happy to tell you, my friend, it is exactly because of that, leaving the mental terrorizer, god belief, that I truly regained my connected ethical as well as kind humanity.

Cory and I will talk about prehistory and theism, addressing the relevance to atheism, anarchism, and socialism.

At the same time as the rise of the male god, 7,000 years ago, there was also the very time there was the rise of violence, war, and clans to kingdoms, then empires, then states. It is all connected back to 7,000 years ago, and it moved across the world.

Cory Johnston: https://damienmarieathope.com/2021/04/cory-johnston-mind-of-a-skeptical-leftist/?v=32aec8db952d  

The Mind of a Skeptical Leftist (YouTube)

Cory Johnston: Mind of a Skeptical Leftist @Skepticallefty

The Mind of a Skeptical Leftist By Cory Johnston: “Promoting critical thinking, social justice, and left-wing politics by covering current events and talking to a variety of people. Cory Johnston has been thoughtfully talking to people and attempting to promote critical thinking, social justice, and left-wing politics.” http://anchor.fm/skepticalleft

Cory needs our support. We rise by helping each other.

Cory Johnston ☭ Ⓐ @Skepticallefty Evidence-based atheist leftist (he/him) Producer, host, and co-host of 4 podcasts @skeptarchy @skpoliticspod and @AthopeMarie

Damien Marie AtHope (“At Hope”) Axiological Atheist, Anti-theist, Anti-religionist, Secular Humanist. Rationalist, Writer, Artist, Poet, Philosopher, Advocate, Activist, Psychology, and Armchair Archaeology/Anthropology/Historian.

Damien is interested in: Freedom, Liberty, Justice, Equality, Ethics, Humanism, Science, Atheism, Antiteism, Antireligionism, Ignosticism, Left-Libertarianism, Anarchism, Socialism, Mutualism, Axiology, Metaphysics, LGBTQI, Philosophy, Advocacy, Activism, Mental Health, Psychology, Archaeology, Social Work, Sexual Rights, Marriage Rights, Woman’s Rights, Gender Rights, Child Rights, Secular Rights, Race Equality, Ageism/Disability Equality, Etc. And a far-leftist, “Anarcho-Humanist.”

I am not a good fit in the atheist movement that is mostly pro-capitalist, I am anti-capitalist. Mostly pro-skeptic, I am a rationalist not valuing skepticism. Mostly pro-agnostic, I am anti-agnostic. Mostly limited to anti-Abrahamic religions, I am an anti-religionist. 

To me, the “male god” seems to have either emerged or become prominent around 7,000 years ago, whereas the now favored monotheism “male god” is more like 4,000 years ago or so. To me, the “female goddess” seems to have either emerged or become prominent around 11,000-10,000 years ago or so, losing the majority of its once prominence around 2,000 years ago due largely to the now favored monotheism “male god” that grow in prominence after 4,000 years ago or so. 

My Thought on the Evolution of Gods?

Animal protector deities from old totems/spirit animal beliefs come first to me, 13,000/12,000 years ago, then women as deities 11,000/10,000 years ago, then male gods around 7,000/8,000 years ago. Moralistic gods around 5,000/4,000 years ago, and monotheistic gods around 4,000/3,000 years ago. 

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

Damien Marie AtHope (Said as “At” “Hope”)/(Autodidact Polymath but not good at math):

Axiological Atheist, Anti-theist, Anti-religionist, Secular Humanist, Rationalist, Writer, Artist, Jeweler, Poet, “autodidact” Philosopher, schooled in Psychology, and “autodidact” Armchair Archaeology/Anthropology/Pre-Historian (Knowledgeable in the range of: 1 million to 5,000/4,000 years ago). I am an anarchist socialist politically. Reasons for or Types of Atheism

My Website, My Blog, & Short-writing or Quotes, My YouTube, Twitter: @AthopeMarie, and My Email: damien.marie.athope@gmail.com