Damien AtHope: Pre-Historical Writer/Researcher chats with Legesse Allyn: Writer/Researcher in Ancient Languages and Ancient Scripts

About Legesse Allyn

Legesse Allyn is the Author of “The Ethiopian Culture of Ancient Egypt”

From the book’s preface, written by Fikre Tolossa, Ph.D. Literature

legesseallyn@ancientgebts.org

According to the author, the vocabulary and concepts of Amharic and Tigrigna are concealed in the hieroglyphs. A person who can read hieroglyphs and knows Amharic and Tigrigna can decipher the mystery hidden behind the hieroglyphs. While it will be a great surprise to the world at large if Mr. Legesse Allyn’s discovery proves to be valid, it might not be that big of a surprise to Ethiopians and Eritreans in particular.

As such, if his discovery is real, it is phenomenal and revolutionary. Its impact on the study of hieroglyphs, Amharic and Tigrigna languages, as well as on the history of Egypt, Ethiopia, and Eritrea, is tremendous. Moreover, open-minded Egyptologists, as well as those who study the regions of today’s Ethiopia and Eritrea, can benefit a lot from his work. Even the skeptics will have to examine it before they decide to reject or accept it.

Legesse’s most recent subject relates to addressing women’s rights through an ancient women’s rights perspective:

Civilization Was Invented By Women. What Gave Men the Right To Ruin It?

Legesse Allyn: Writer/Researcher in Ancient Languages and Ancient Scripts

Legesse is only doing women’s rights now. And this is the latest book cover, the article, and the video.

The article PDF:

Legesse Allyn Amarigna & Tgrigna Qal Genesis

Civilization Was Invented by Women. What Gave Men the Right to Ruin It?

Legesse Allyn Is Available To Speak At Your Meeting or Event

Legesse Allyn is available to speak at your school, university, group, or meeting. His latest speaking series is entitled, “When A Dead Language Is Discovered Alive: The Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic Language.”

Past Work:

‘Legesse Allyn’ Amazon.com:

• The Ethiopian Culture of Ancient Egypt: Introduction to the Amarigna and Tigrigna Dual Hieroglyphic Language (Learning with Hieroglyphic Linguistics) (Volume 1)
• Amarigna & Tigrigna Qal Genesis: Introduction – Genesis Hieroglyphic Retranslation
• The Ethiopian Culture of Ancient Egypt: Hairstyle, Fashion, Food, Recipes and Funerals (Learning with Hieroglyphic Linguistics) (Volume 2)
• The Ethiopian Culture of Ancient Egypt: Food, Markets, Temples and Social Culture (Learning with Hieroglyphic Linguistics) (Volume 3)
• Amarigna & Tigrigna Qal Hieroglyphs for Beginners: Perfect for Travelers To Egypt and Students of Ancient Gebts
• Amarigna & Tigrigna Qal Rosetta Stone: Rosetta Stone Hieroglyphic Re-Translation
• Amarigna & Tigrigna Qal Book Series Student Workbook: Exercises, Games and Activities by Legesse Allyn (2015-01-09)
• Amarigna & Tigrigna Qal Genesis: An Egyptian Queen Visits Port Yafo and Rebuilds the Fortress
• Amarigna & Tigrigna Qal Roots of English Language: The Not So Distant African Roots of the English Language
• Amarigna & Tigrigna Qal Roots of German Language: The German Language’s Not So Distant African Linguistic Roots by Legesse Allyn (2015-01-31)
• Amarigna & Tigrigna Qal Book Series Student Songbook Teacher’s Guide: Exercises and Lyrics In Amarigna, Tigrigna, English, and Hieroglyphs
• Amarigna & Tigrigna Qal Book Series Student Workbook: Exercises, Games and Activities
• Amarigna & Tigrigna Qal Book Series Teacher’s Guide: Classroom Teacher’s Guide, Exercises, and Hieroglyph Key by Legesse Allyn (2014-01-03)
• Amarigna & Tigrigna Qal Roots of Russian Language: The Not So Distant African Roots of the Russian Language
• Amarigna & Tigrigna Qal Roots of Hebrew Language: The Not So Distant African Roots of the Hebrew Language
• Amarigna & Tigrigna Qal Roots of Chinese Language: The Not So Distant African Roots of the Chinese Language
• Amarigna & Tigrigna Qal Roots of Japanese Language: The Not So Distant African Roots of the Japanese Language
• Amarigna & Tigrigna Qal Roots of Hindi Language: The Not So Distant African Roots of the Hindi Language
• Amarigna & Tigrigna Qal Roots of Male Names: The Not So Distant African Linguistic Roots of the Words In Your Name
• Amarigna & Tigrigna Qal Roots of Female Names: The Not So Distant African Linquistic Roots of the Words In Your Name
• Amarigna & Tigrigna Qal Roots of German Language: The German Language’s Not So Distant African Linguistic Roots
• Amarigna & Tigrigna Qal Roots of Spanish Language: The Spanish Language’s Not So Distant African Linguistic Roots
• Amarigna & Tigrigna Qal Book Series Student Songbook: Exercises and Lyrics In Amarigna, Tigrigna, English, and Hieroglyphs
• Amarigna & Tigrigna Qal Rosetta Stone: Rosetta Stone Hieroglyphic Re-Translation by Legesse Allyn (2014-12-07)

Ancient Gebts Bookstore Events Series

E-mail at 
legesseallyn@ancientgebts.org for fees and availability.

Live Book Writing at a Bookstore Near You

Legesse Allyn will be writing part of his next book at a bookstore near you. Come and watch live as he meticulously matches words to the ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic language, English and other languages around the world for his next book. You’ll see that when people began leaving Africa fifty thousand years ago to populate the rest of the world, they took African language with them.

Come and bring the whole family to have your names written in ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs and learn the original Ethiopian meaning of your names. Watch him as he writes his next book and he’ll even autograph one of his current books for you. While you’re there you can even sign up to support his Kickstarter campaign to produce his upcoming documentary, “The Ethiopian Roots of English Language.” To find out which bookstore he’ll be at next near you, send an e-mail with your city and state to events@ancientgebts.org.

Amarigna & Tigrigna Qal Hieroglyphs 14-Word Sample Page (book contains over 600 words)

In the newsletter called The Skeptical Intelligencer, there was a pretty scathing review of Legesse Allyn by Mark Newbrook. Newbrook reviewed two of Allyn’s books. The book review starts on page 10 of this newsletter. He points out that trying to go back 50,000 years and prove genetic relationships in historical linguistics is nearly impossible, but Allyn doesn’t know enough about historical linguistics to realize this point.

language on the fringe

Author: Mark Newbrook

Mark Newbrook studied classics at Oxford and linguistics at Reading, taking his Ph.D. there in 1982. He has worked as a lecturer and researcher in linguistics in Singapore, Hong Kong, Perth (Western Australia), and Melbourne, and for several years has been the linguistics consultant to Australian Skeptics.

“In Chapter 1 of my 2013 book Strange Linguistics, I discuss the notion of linguistic diffusion or differentiation: the idea that a language may differentiate into various later languages, which are therefore regarded as ‘genetically’ related and which tend to retain broad structural similarities and to share large amounts of vocabulary (despite often now being used mainly in different areas). (For instance, everyday Latin differentiated into French, Spanish, Italian, etc.) I contrast this with the notion of language contact and ‘borrowing’: unrelated (or distantly related) languages may come into contact when their speakers come into contact and may influence each other, coming to share some specific forms (words, etc.). (Thus English and Chinese now share some vocabulary.) It is notable that the term diffusion is also used in this latter context. Some historical linguistic theories (mainstream and non-mainstream) differ crucially in respect of the emphasis which they place on ‘genetic’ relatedness on the one hand and borrowing on the other; and it is important to be aware of how the term is being used in each case, by linguists of all brands and by other scholars. The same point can be made regarding other, non-linguistic aspects of human culture (artifacts, religious beliefs, etc.) For a possibly confusing example, see p 16 of Michael Witzel’s 2013 book The Origins of the World’s Mythologies.” – Mark Newbrook

Amarigna & Tigrigna Qal Hieroglyphs for Beginners

Legesse Allyn

AncientGebts.org Press (Los Angeles), 2009, pp 70

Amarigna & Tigrigna Qal Roots of English Language

Legesse Allyn

AncientGebts.org Press (no location given), 2014, pp 122

“The earlier of the two books discussed here is a general work focusing upon (a) a claim regarding the readings to be ascribed to Egyptian hieroglyphs and (b) an associated claim regarding the origins of familiar modern languages. The more recent book (which is more likely to engage non-specialist English-dominant readers with an interest in etymology and language origins) is one of a series of books expounding the latter claim as it applies to specific languages, or rehearsing the author’s views on other more specific issues such as the reading of the Rosetta Stone.” – Mark Newbrook

“Background: since (and before) the accepted C19 decipherment of the hieroglyphic and associated scripts used to write Ancient Egyptian, there have been many non-mainstream proposals regarding spoken and written Egyptian, including divergent interpretations of the scripts and of the language itself, as well as of the relationships between Egyptian and other scripts/languages. For a summary, see my article ‘Non-Standard Theories Involving the Ancient Egyptian Language’, in The Skeptical Intelligencer 17:1 (2014), pp 9-10.” – Mark Newbrook

“Some of these non-standard theories involve the ‘Afrocentrist’ view that the ancient Egyptians were essentially black Africans (on this specific issue, see the section ‘Black or not?’ in my ‘Language On The Fringe #35’ in The Skeptical Intelligencer 19:4 (2016), pp 5-7). More specifically, there is a tradition of non-mainstream work linking Ancient Egypt and its language with the very largely black African society of Ethiopia, a long-standing independent society situated relatively close to Egypt and especially close to the territory once called ‘Nubia’ with its familiar ancient connections with Egypt (indeed, some of the pharaohs were Nubians).” – Mark Newbrook

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“Some of these non-standard theories involve the ‘Afrocentrist’ view that the ancient Egyptians were essentially black Africans.” – Mark Newbrook

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“The most common linguistic aspect of this involves Ge’ez, the ancient language of Ethiopia, which is related to Egyptian but only distantly. Ge’ez and related modern Ethiopian languages are written in the Ethiopic script, which is an ‘abugida’ (one symbol per syllable, divisible into attached parts representing individual phonemes) and which appears to have originated either in South Arabia or in Ethiopia itself; the script itself appears unrelated to the Egyptian scripts. Exaggerated claims have been made by Ethiopian authors without an adequate knowledge of linguistics (notably Ayele Bekerie) about the properties of this script and of other aspects of early Ethiopian language and culture (including the above-mentioned links with Egypt). Some of these claims are tendentiously endorsed by better-known non-Ethiopian African writers such as Saki Mafundikwa (see again ‘Black or not?’).” – Mark Newbrook

“A recent contributor to this body of work is the Ethiopian writer Legesse Allyn, an ‘amateur Egyptologist’, who argues (most explicitly in the older, general book) that the Egyptian hieroglyphic script (to which he gives the name Qal) actually represents the words of the languages Amarigna (usually called ‘Amharic’ in English) and Tigrigna (more usually called ‘Tigrinya’ in linguistics texts); these languages, he claims, were dominant in Egypt itself in dynastic times (5,000-2,000 years BP). The pronunciations of all Egyptian words/sound-sequences, as represented hieroglyphically, must, therefore, be reinterpreted in this light. Anyone who can read Amharic or Tigrinya and learns to read hieroglyphs can thus decipher Egyptian texts authoritatively.” – Mark Newbrook

“Both Amharic and Tigrinya are familiar languages; they are still spoken today by millions. Amharic, descended from Ge’ez, is the main language of modern Ethiopia, and Tigrinya, also related to Ge’ez, is current both in Ethiopia and in neighboring Eritrea.” – Mark Newbrook

“Prima facie, one might ask why Allyn thought it more probable that the forms of these two languages might be found represented in ancient hieroglyphs rather than those of Ge’ez, which is known from a date much closer to those of the inscriptions in question. Points of this kind immediately arouse suspicion as to the specifically linguistic expertise of the author. This suspicion is intensified when one reads (note 1) comments such as ‘Did you know that hieroglyphic characters do not represent letters? It’s true. When hieroglyphs were invented, no other writing existed. So hieroglyphs do not represent letters’. This is risible. Firstly: some other scripts pre-date Egyptian hieroglyphs, notably cuneiform as used to write Sumerian. Secondly: individual characters in scripts do not ‘represent letters’ (except when one alphabet is being transliterated into another). If a script is alphabetic, each character is a ‘letter’; these letters (approximately, at least) represent phonemes of the relevant spoken language, which obviously existed before it was written (even in the case of the very first scripts, alphabetic or other). (In an abugida – or indeed, less transparently, in a syllabary – individual characters represent sequences of phonemes making up syllables.) So there is no anomaly in the idea that hieroglyphs might represent ‘letters’ = phonemes, as they did in dynastic times – whether or not they were initially used in this way. At this point, Allyn appears linguistically naïve. Thirdly: on Allyn’s account, how would hieroglyphs come to represent the sounds of Amharic and Tigrinya, as he claims?” – Mark Newbrook

“In addition, Allyn ignores the grammatical differences between Egyptian and his two favored languages (yet another example of an amateur ‘linguist’ focusing unduly upon vocabulary). On grammar, see further below.” – Mark Newbrook

“As noted, Allyn’s Amarigna & Tigrigna Qal Roots of English Language is one of a series of more specific books produced by him; each such book furnishes Amharic and/or Tigrinya etymologies for a large number of words in the modern form of the language in question, and is clearly aimed (as is apparent from the ‘blurb’) at persuading speakers of that language that much of their vocabulary is derived from these languages, and thus promoting Afrocentrism. Of course, this is only a new version of the familiar fanciful claim to the effect that a specific language dear to a non-mainstream writer should be regarded as an Ursprache/Proto-World. The languages discussed here by Allyn include Chinese, German, Japanese and Spanish.” – Mark Newbrook

“Each word-specific entry in each of these books presents the Amharic & Tigrinya words, the Egyptian hieroglyphs supposedly representing these words (‘originated as…’) and etymological information about the forms of the word in question in the relevant modern language and in related languages. This information is attributed to the Online Etymological Dictionary (note 2) which was compiled by Douglas Harper; the main source is said to be Weekley’s An Etymological Dictionary of Modern English (1921), but others are listed. For English, the ‘OED’ (!) material lists forms according to sub-families of Germanic and Indo-European, and appears largely sound as far as it goes; but in general Allyn himself does not appear to have done any more than cut-&-paste repeatedly from his source into his own text.” – Mark Newbrook

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“Allyn proclaims that Amharic & Tigrinya … were brought out of Africa at that time and thus provided the roots of (all?) later languages. Here he displays his ignorance of the range of rates of linguistic change.” – Mark Newbrook

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“Allyn’s use in this context of terms such as ‘rooted’ suggests that he regards the historical relationships between Amharic & Tigrinya and modern languages (at least some; see below) as ‘genetic’ (each entire modern language discussed by Allyn is descended from these two languages) rather than merely involving the ‘borrowing’ of particular linguistic items (words, etc.) in a contact situation unknown to mainstream historians and historical linguists. This would make the forms genuinely cognate, and systematic patternings of correspondence would, therefore, be expected if the links were genuine. (On cognatehood and associated issues, see Chapter 1 of my 2013 book Strange Linguistics.) But in fact, the similarities between the forms appear unsystematic, and in many cases, they are in addition very approximate indeed (e.g. Amharic gara meaning ‘mountain’ and given as the source of English hill and its Indo-European cognates). Allyn himself offers no comment on or justification for the etymologies he proposes, and so they must stand or fall – obviously, they must provisionally fall – in the absence of actual evidence.” – Mark Newbrook

“In addition, Allyn provides no discussion of grammatical or phonological systems, which are absolutely central to any claims involving ‘genetic’ relationships between languages. Neither is there any general discussion of the alleged ‘genetic’ affiliations between the languages. The details would depend upon exactly when the linguistic diversification is supposed to have occurred, but given what Allyn says about the exodus from East Africa (see below) much older ancestors of the languages in question, going back at least as far as Proto-Indo-European and the like, would be involved, rather than recent forms in specific languages. This fits in with Allyn’s practice (familiar to observers of the ‘linguistic fringe’; Laird Scranton proceeds in a similar but even less sophisticated way) of devoting each section of his work to one modern language, without adequate attention to its known ‘genetic’ affiliations. One must suspect that – like most amateur ‘historical linguists’ – Allyn has insufficient linguistic expertise to deal convincingly with such matters (or even to concern himself with them).” – Mark Newbrook

“The ‘blurb’ for this book refers to the current mainstream view that modern humans migrated out of East Africa some 50,000 years BP (though a somewhat greater time-depth may be needed in order to allow time for the ancestors of the Aborigines to reach Australia). Allyn proclaims that Amharic & Tigrinya (long before they were used in Egypt, of course) were brought out of Africa at that time and thus provided the roots of (all?) later languages. Here he displays his ignorance of the range of rates of linguistic change. 50,000 years of linguistic change at any known rate would obliterate any evidence of ‘genetic’ relationships (recognizable cognates, etc.). Compare cases such as that of Welsh, German and Russian, all demonstrably related (Indo-European) with a common ancestor used less than 10,000 years BP but displaying very few similarities discernible to non-linguists. To be recognizable today as source languages, Amharic & Tigrinya would have had to diversify into other known languages long (40,000 years?) after being ‘brought out of Africa’. But then they would surely have undergone massive changes in the interim; it would be misleading to describe Amharic & Tigrinya themselves, in anything like their known forms, as having been ‘brought out of Africa’. There is, in fact, no reason to suppose that Amharic & Tigrinya existed per se so long ago. Even in Egyptian dynastic times, Ge’ez, not the later Amharic, was current in Ethiopia.” – Mark Newbrook

“Another of Allyn’s errors involves his reliance (shared with David Leonardi and such) upon the seriously dated work of E.A. Wallis Budge as a source of mainstream Egyptological interpretations of the hieroglyphs. But in any event, Allyn’s ‘evidence’ for ascribing Amharic & Tigrinya readings to hieroglyphs is tendentious and unpersuasive, to say the least – as also applies to his other claims.” – Mark Newbrook

Mark Newbrook’s ‘Language on the fringe’ Association for Skeptical Enquiry. Casting a critical eye over suspect science, dubious claims, and bizarre beliefs.

Notes

1. See for example https://plus.google.com/+LegesseAllyn

2. http://www.etymonline.com.

Damien AtHope’s Set up messages with Legesse Allyn to make a video:

Hi Legesse,

I am available next week to do a recorded video from Tuesday to Friday. I have done like 80 interview chats so it will not be my first time. I prefer educational than debate but I am good at debating too, I just prefer knowledge sharing to educate others. I like a multi-modality approach to Religion origins mainly use thinking from archaeology, anthropology, ethnography, prehistoric-art/architecture, linguistics, and generics. I look forward to chatting with you. 

Kind Regards, Damien 

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

Hello, Damien:

I agree with you, I also prefer educational interviews and sharing knowledge.

You can see my debate “style” (if you can call it that) at an online Egyptology forum I participated in for two weeks immediately following the publishing of my first book, which is to answer questions with questions when attacked (haha)…

Egyptology Forum Discussion (began August 2009)

Egyptology Forum Discussion (overflow discussion)

So, again, yes, like you I prefer providing information to educate. In fact, I’ve published school curriculum in the past, the Africa-In-Our-Schools National School Program, which was endorsed by the Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD), the second largest school district in the US. And one of my recent book series, “The Ethiopian Culture of Ancient Egypt,” was actually developed at the suggestion and guidance of an editor, Will Slattery, at middle school textbook publisher, Social Studies School Service (www.socialstudies.com). While most of my books are purchased by PhDs, this unique book series is popular with regular readers. Many people who’ve purchased copies of this book series have posted photos of themselves with the books online.

For my “Roots of Languages” book series, I published the 8-volume book series in cooperation with Doug Harper of the Online Etymology Dictionary (www.etymonline.com), with each volume reprinting by permission etymologies from Etymonline.com. The unique book series shows 8 languages (English, Spanish, German, Russian, Hindi, Chinese, Japanese and Hebrew) all rooted in what ancient historian Diodorus Siculus and I identified as the language of the hieroglyphs, as well as the language the ancient Greeks translated the Greek message into, written in hieroglyphs on the Rosetta Stone.

Each volume of the “Roots of Languages” book series utilizes the same basic set of 100 words to show all languages are related. More than that, though, it seeks show that when people left Africa 50,000 years ago, they took language with them, which coincidentally turns out to also be the language of the hieroglyphs. An upcoming series “Roots of Religion” will show the same for religion, showing the world’s traditional religions being all related, and that when people left Africa, they also took religion with them. I have done interviews online and by phone, but I’ve also spoken to groups, including participating in talks about cosmopolitan African culture at universities such as Loyola Marymount and UCLA. But I’m not a professional speaker, though I do enjoy speaking to groups about the topics I write about.

In terms of religion origins, I primarily focus on language, utilizing DNA research, anthropology, archaeology, and other sciences for supporting and comparative data. If you’d like us to have a discussion by phone prior to the recorded chat, I would be open to that, as it could help provide you some familiarization about my work that you could reference in the recorded chat. Also, all my books are available for free online reading and downloading, including my recent retranslations of the underlying text  of the Bible, at… https://www.slideshare.net/LegesseAllyn/documents

The door of reason opens not once but many times. My Understanding Religion Evolution: 

*Pre-Animism (at least 300,000 years ago)*

*Animism (such as that seen in Africa: 100,000 years ago)

*Totemism (Europe: 50,000 years ago)

*Shamanism (beginning around 30,000 years ago)

*Paganism (beginning around 12,000 years ago)

*Progressed organized religion (around 5,000 years ago)

*CURRENT “World” RELIGIONS (after 4,000 years ago)

*Early Atheistic Doubting (at least by around 2,600 Years Ago)

Damien’s Origin of Language? Here is a link to my ideas:

• The Origin of Language: Starts in Symbolism Around 100,000 years ago, to Early Proto-Writing 44,000-5,000 years ago with Unrealized Connections

In this blog, I will mostly address the evidence of writing, as it is what we can prove. However, to me, language or shared speech, in a general way, is likely pre-modern human.

Homo habilis had some possable linguistic vocal development

Homo erectus may have been able to speak

Homo heidelbergensis may have been able to speak

Neanderthals could speak like modern humans

Noam Chomsky, a prominent proponent of discontinuity theory, argues that a single chance mutation occurred in one individual in the order of 100,000 years ago, installing the language faculty (a component of the mid-brain) in “perfect” or “near-perfect” form. ref

Now for my thoughts on the “Roots of Languages” start around 100,000 years ago with the emergence of meaningful symbolism in Africa with Animism. Which then becomes more developed after 50,000 years ago with Totemism.

Which then keeps solidifying until around 25,000 years ago in France with that becoming universal symbols and Proto-Language with Shamanism then this was further developed in Asia moving to the Balkans then turkey with the emergence of Paganism, with symbolic Goddesses in art after 12,000 years ago and the birth of the Creation of Male God around 7,000 years ago and proto-kings, such as seen in the royal nobility skeleton discovered in Grave No. 43 in the Varna culture (around 6,400-6,100 years ago) Chalcolithic Necropolis together with the numerous gold artifacts dating to the middle of the 5th Millenium BCE – and is the old processed gold in the world.

Which took it to a few different areas but defiantly is seen in a new way as it moved north to the step lands of Eastern Europe and the Proto-Indo-European language as well as south into Jordan and Israel by 6,500 to 6,000 years ago at which time it then moves to Egypt becoming more advanced with the emergence of an emerging nation of Egypt around 5,000 years ago as well as Mesopotamia with Progressed organized religion.

• Haplogroup X in China, Egypt, North Africa, Caucasus, Central Asia, and European alludes to shared connected similarities and in ideas or behaviors.

Hello, Damien:

Great. I am happy to follow your lead and contribute to the conversation 
what I understand from my research.

Thanks. Lagesse

Hello Legesse,

Yes, great, I have done a few interview chats with the other person audio, with only myself on video. I will make an accompanying blog with all the info on you with books and links like a promotional blog. Here are a few examples so you understand:

Doing Good Because its Good: Anti-cult Activism; an Interview with Debra Van Neste

Interview with Dr. Laura Jean McGuire a Sexologist and Victim Advocate/ Prevention Educator

Interview with Margaret Downey Founder and President Freethought Society

Interview with Nate Terrell, LCSW, the Author of “Achieving Self-Compassion”

Political Philosopher Norlyn Dimmitt’s Interview: Compassionate Citizens Foundation

Interview of Formal Axiological Atheist Dr. William Kelleher

Chatting with Bettina von Stamm: Innovation Philosopher, Story Teller, and Catalyst

Mary Alice Arthur the “Story Activist”

Talking with Jennifer (Shaw) Hancock (Humanist Educator) on Humanism, Atheism, Beliefs, and Morality

Ethnographer/Anthropologist Saumya Sharma: addressing Animism, Totemism, Shamanism, Buddhism and Hinduism

Bill Zuersher and his book “Seeing through Christianity: A Critique of Beliefs and Evidence”

Karla Cauldwell BSN, HHC: the Author of Live Your Best Life *Inspiring Sustainable Lifestyle Changes*

Let’s do it Wednesday I am on Pacific time, so whenever it is good for you is cool to me. 🙂

Kind regards, Damien 

Hi Lagesse,

That sounds great thank you, I look forward to it. I enjoy talking to informed thoughtful people. We rise by helping each other.

Hello Damien:

Attached are my recent retranslations of the underlying text of the 
Bible, which in reality are 3400 year-old Middle East Egypt farm reports 
the ancient Roman military intentionally mistranslated into into 
religion, in their effort to plunder the Middle East Egyptian grain.

The narrative of the “special” religion for the Middle East Egyptians as 
“God’s chosen people” was intentionally designed to cause the Middle 
East Egyptians to break away from the Africa Nile Valley/Delta 
Egyptians, who were written in as cursed and to be enslaved.

Since the Nile Valley/Delta was the administrative region of ancient 
Egypt where the troops were sent from to guard the Middle East Yafo/Dead 
Sea region of Egypt, the Middle East Egyptians becoming independent 
meant all the Egyptian troops would leave the Yafo/Dead Sea Egypt region 
and the ancient Romans were then free to plunder the Middle East Egypt 
grain.

Also attached is a paper by UCLA Professor Aaron Burke about the Middle 
East Egypt granaries and Egyptian fortress at Yafo, Tel Aviv Harbor (see 
page 14), which support my retranslations of the underlying text of the 
Bible.

And below are links to some of my current videos related to the Bible 
retranslations…

A Message from Jesus – “I’m not coming back”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HZL1tliW5pg

“I Don’t Want To Be Part of No Farm Religion”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lexxc80aU90

The Bible & Self-Genocide: Roman False-Religion Conspiracy
(rough cut)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M9lUu5q7Tzs

Thanks, Legesse

Hi  Legesse,

I am looking forward to our talk. Can you send me any info you want me to add to my blog as I am starting it today? I also need a picture you want me to use if you don’t send it, that is fine but then I will choose what I want. 🙂

Hello Damien:

Let me provide you some documents, claimed here in the second paragraph…

Hello, Damien: So I’m moving along with a research grant. Therefore I wanted to ask you about which specific grants you might recommend I apply for. For the effort, I’ve hired both a PhD linguist as well as a research grant writer who has been successful in writing research grant proposals that have been funded. The difficulty in figuring out which grant to apply for is the fact that my research takes all kinds of twists and turns. Following are two typical examples.

Example #1 – for example, if I focus on ancient written text to support archaeological finds such as Jaffa, there are a wide range of references I have to check out, including… 1. Egyptian texts – The Harris Papyrus supposedly has a reference to Jaffa being “captured,” which it doesn’t actually say 2. Hebrew texts – There are references to Jaffa and the region in the underlying text of the Bible 3. Greek and Latin texts – There are references to Jaffa and the region written in Greek and Latin, including the Rosetta Stone So in what should be a simple case, the above calls for me to retranslate texts in a multitude of languages, including Egyptian hieroglyphics, Hebrew, Aramaic/Syriac, Greek and Latin.

Example #2 – “smear” or “exit” Even if I wanted the focus of a grant to be simply retranslating or creating a dictionary for ancient written Greek, for example, I also have to cross reference words across the entire ancient world, including Egyptian hieroglyphic texts, Hebrew texts, Aramaic/Syriac texts, Latin texts and even possibly ancient Chinese texts. As an example of cross-checking words, metse “come, arrive” is in the underlying text of the Bible as “come, arrive” but mistranslated as “annoint, smear” in the New Testament translations (“smear is actually lemetse). And when you cross-reference the word in both Greek and Latin, Greek has the word metse as “smear” and Latin has it as “exit”… moutzoúra (μουτζούρα) smudge, smear, blot, smut, blotch, smirch (v) (Greek) [Google] https://translate.google.com/#el/en/%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%84%CE%B6%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B1 μουτζούρα (Greek) = exit (Latin) https://translate.google.com/#el/la/%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%84%CE%B6%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B1

So I can see the confusion scholars have with properly translating ancient written languages. But I see all ancient written languages as a single set of words as well as a single set of written characters. For these and other reasons, I am asking if you can suggest any specific grants I should apply for, which do not overly restrict my research to a single ancient written language. And if you can provide me links to the pages on the NEH website.

dawla (ዳውላ) donkey pack (n.) (Amarigna) http://amharicdictionary.com/Home/Index/donkey

So here again, we have the same type of mistranslation to try to justify human trafficking in history where there was none… at least not here with this word, “The most common word for slaves” So in Greek it is not the word “slave”

Hi  Legesse,

I appreciate your thoughtful research.

Hello Damien:

Thanks:

• What about in Rome?
• “The general Latin word for slave was servus.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_in_ancient_Rome sra (ሥራ) work, job, business (n.) (Amarigna) http://amharicdictionary.com/Home/Index/%E1%88%A5%E1%88%AB sera (ሠራ) work, make, do (v.) (Amarigna) http://amharicdictionary.com/Home/Index/%E1%88%A0%E1%88%AB Another mistranslation of written text
• Puer “slave” https://books.google.com/books?id=vakSDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA194&lpg=PA194&dq=latin+Puer+slave#v=onepage&q=latin%20Puer%20slave&f=false (edited) “Puer can also be used to address slaves” bariya (ባሪያ) slave (n.) (Amarigna) http://amharicdictionary.com/Home/Index/slave bariya (ባርያ) slave (n.) (Tigrigna) http://memhr.org/dic/index.php?a=srch&d=3&id_srch=42f335304111e8c1fa4791494c70acb1&il=en&p=1 0 – Search results – – Memhr.org Dictionaries There’s only one problem, European P can be B/F/W in Amarigna Tigrigna (there is no P pronunciation in Amarigna/Tigrigna) “Cleopatra” was written K L W B T R A in hieroglyphs (with a B) So on the surface puer can be bariya In both the Rosetta Stone and the underlying text of the Bible (both Old and New Testaments) we have frae… frae (ፍሬ) product, result (n.) (Amarigna) http://amharicdictionary.com/Home/Index/%E1%8D%8D%E1%88%AC fre E’yo (ፍረ ዕዮ) output (n.) (Tigrigna) http://memhr.org/dic/index.php?a=srch&d=3&id_srch=9ff6bfd55bfccf03b34a706f52175f2a&il=en&p=1 0 – Search results – – Memhr.org Dictionaries Read. Learn. Enjoy. It is also an Ethiopian name Ferew (ፍሬው) “his fruit” “fruit’ as in “output, result” And part of names… Fere Senay (ፍሬ ሠናይ) “good fruit” https://ethiopia.limbo13.com/index.php/ethiopian_names/ethiopian_names_f/ But the issue with bariya is placement of the Y… B R Y = bariya/”slave” B Y R = puer
• I saw this kind of thing all the time with the retranslation of the underlying text of what has become the Bible The Greek was dawla /”donkey pack” Placing the Y in the proper place in ancient written Latin… bE’ray (ብዕራይ) ox, bull (n.) (Amarigna) E’ is explosive pronunciation But that’s not all… baE’lu ባዕሉ) oneself (Tigrigna) baEla (ባዕላ) herself (Tigrigna) We still have a problem, though The E’ can serve as U/W But the is no ending vowel in puer We also have two vowels next to each other This is also in the underlying text of what has become the Bible… bal (ባል) owner (n.) (Amarigna) http://amharicdictionary.com/Home/Index/%E1%89%A3%E1%88%8D
• In Tigrigna, biA’l (ብዓል) What follows the word, though, defines the context… bA’l E’da (ብዓል ዕዳ) (debtor) bA’l genzeb (ብዓል ገንዘብ) (proprietor) bA’l zna (ብዓል ዝና) (renowned, hero) bA’l grma (ብዓል ግርማ) (imposing) bA’l dlay (ብዓል ድላይ) (willing) bA’l T’rit (ብዓል ጥሪት) (owner) bA’l dKH’ʷan (ብዓል ድዃን) (shopkeeper) bA’l t’beb (ብዓል ጥበብ) (artist) bA’l fereQ’a (ብዓል ፈረቓ) (partner) http://memhr.org/dic/index.php?a=srch&d=3&id_srch=e0ac809f3f1ca09673be4b4f5cfd9091&il=en&p=1 0 – Search results – – Memhr.org Dictionaries, So puer is bA’l Not a slave
• Again, mistranslation of ancient Latin for the purpose of normalizing the idea of slavery, to make it more acceptable in the eyes of human beings.
• So in neither ancient Greek nor ancient Latin are the supposed words for “slave” actually that meaning.

Hi  Legesse,

I mainly research 1 million to 5,000 years ago as I wanted to investigate prehistory.

Hello Damien:

“Discovering” slavering in ancient times helps them to justify slavery today. I do the same as you but with language, Damien. I try to go back as far as possible.

Hi  Legesse,

I am an anarchist-socialist so I hate masters and wish to free all slaves.

Hello Damien:

Primarily showing the relationship of words up to 120,000 years ago. Showing the same words spoken all around the world as the same words and meanings… and related linguistics-related pronunciations.

“house” Tigrigna geza

• Old English hus
• Old Norse hus
• German haus
• Spanish casa
• Old Frisian hus
• Dutch huis
• Swedish hysa
• Slovenian hisa
• Serbian kucha
• Romanian casa
• Japanese kaoku
• Italian casa
• Hungarian haz
• Croatian kucha
• Chinese jizu
• Bulgarian kushta

Hi  Legesse,

Now, that Interests me to hear about ancient language and of course, I like anything after 5,000 years or older. Interests me greatly when real old, the eearlier, the more I am intersted. 🙂

Hello Damien:

…All the same linguistically-related pronunciations. So, DNA research shows the migration out of Ethiopia of modern man, beginning 120,000 years.

• So I check the pronunciations of words of the separate groups
• 1. From Ethiopia to southern Africa regions 120,000 years ago
• And I check languages such as Zulu compared to Ethiopian language
• 2. Migration out of Ethiopia to western Africa 80,000 years ago

Hi  Legesse,

Well, they all die off all modern humans are linked to southern Africa 75,000 years ago through DNA.

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

ref, ref

Our origins originate from Southern African (NOT THE FIRST ANCESTORS EVER AS THAT WOULD BE NORTH AFRICA AROUND 300,000 YEARS AGO TO EAST AFRICA AROUND 200,000 YEARS AGO OR SO BUT RATHER OUR LAST MAIN COMMON ANCESTORS AROUND 100,000 YEARS AGO), with a population divergence around 120,000 to 110,000 years ago and this is after the two other main areas of North and East Africa either migrated south or largely went extinct around 100,000 years ago. This is the most recent glacial era that consisted of a larger pattern of glacial and interglacial periods beginning around 115,000 which may have influenced both the migrating south and possibly could connect to some of the influences relating to the extinctions as well. Moreover, as these Ancient Southern African peoples developed over time, they also expanded out from there to populate the globe, and the DNA of us all points to a southern African origin. Furthermore, it seems as they expanded back out, they either replaced the other populations in central and east Africa that may have been left or absorbed any remaining individuals. ref

Southern African Middle Stone Age sites:

(Ap) Apollo 11; (BAM) Bambata; (BBC) Blombos Cave; (BC) Border Cave; (BGB)Boegoeberg; (BPA) Boomplaas; (BRS) Bushman Rock Shelter; (BUN) Bundu Farm; (CF)Cufema Reach; (CK) Canteen Kopje; (COH) Cave of Hearths; (CSB) Cape St Blaize; (DK)Die Kelders Cave 1; (DRS) Diepkloof Rock Shelter; (EBC) Elands Bay Cave; (FL) Florisbad; (≠GI) ≠Gi; (HP) Howiesons Poort; (HRS) Hollow Rock Shelter; (KD) Klipdrift; (KKH) Klein Kliphuis; (KH) Khami; (KK) Kudu Koppie; (KP) Kathu Pan; (KRM) Klasies River Main Site; (L) Langebaan; (MBA) Mumbwa Caves; (MC) Mwulu’s Cave; (MEL)Melikane; (MON) Montagu Cave; (NBC) Nelson Bay Cave; (NG) Ngalue; (NT) Ntloana Tšoana; (OBP) Olieboomspoort; (PC) Peers Cave; (POC) Pockenbank; (PL) Plover’s Lake; (POM) Pomongwe; (PP) Pinnacle Point; (RCC) Rose Cottage Cave; (RED) Redcliff; (RHC) Rhino Cave; (SCV) Seacow Valley; (SFT) Soutfontein; (SEH) Sehonghong; (SIB)Sibudu Cave; (SPZ) Spitzkloof Rock Shelter; (SS) Sunnyside 1; (STB) Strathalan Cave B; (STK) Sterkfontein; (TR) Twin Rivers; (UMH) Umhlatuzana; (VR) Varsche Rivier 003; (WPS) White Paintings Shelter; (WK) Wonderkrater; (WW) Wonderwerk; (YFT)Ysterfontein 1; (ZOM) Zombepata Cave. ref

Pic ref 

Pic ref 

“The earliest ancestors of anatomically modern Homo sapiens emerged in a region south of the Zambezi River in Botswana, Africa, according to a new analysis of modern human’s mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA or mitogenome) from the L0 lineage, the oldest known mtDNA lineage on Earth.” ref

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

ref, ref, ref

“When researchers completed the final analysis of the Human Genome Project in April 2003, they confirmed that the 3 billion base pairs of genetic letters in humans were 99.9 percent identical in every person. It also meant that individuals are, on average, 0.1 percent different genetically from every other person on the planet. And in that 0.1 percent lies the mystery of why some people are more susceptible to a particular illness or more likely to be healthy than their neighbor – or even another family member.” ref

“Africa’s Middle Stone Age is best known for innovations that appearing various times after about 200,000 years ago. Such innovations might have been linked to new types of social behavior as well as pulses in movements within and out of the continent of Africa. Population shifts likely occurred repeatedly during the 200,000 to 50,000 years ago. Southern African sites seem concentrated in the interior of the subcontinent before 130,000 years ago seemingly coinciding with the dispersal after 130,000 years ago of populations from the interior to mountainous areas, but, more particularly, to the coastal stretches of the southern and western Cape. Then by around 58,000 years ago occupations tended once more to shift away from the southern coast and back into the interior, or to the eastern seaboard. Regional and even local variability is characteristic of stone artifacts of the time, while sites seem to have fewer ornaments or decorated items than was formerly the case.” ref

Hello Damien:

So, I check the pronunciations of words from Ibo and Yoruba compared to Ethiopian language. And of course 50,000 years ago out of Ethiopia into Europe. Then I check the pronunciations of European and Asian words compared to Ethiopian language. So it turns out that all the languages come back to Ethiopian roots.

Hi  Legesse,

ref

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

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Animism: a belief among some indigenous people, young children, or all religious people!

Over 100,000 years ago or so, Southern Africa, in the Land before and the beginning Time of Animism: LINK

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

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Explaining the Earliest Religious Expression, that of Animism (beginning 100,000 to 70,000 years ago?) to Totemism (beginning 30,000 to 3,000 years ago?) in Southern Africa: LINK

Hello Damien:

Yes, your charts are accurate. I show the relationships in the pronunciation of words too. Yes, that chart is Nice.

Hi  Legesse,

ref

ref

ref

ref

ref

ref

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

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Aurignacian Culture

Gravettian Culture

Magdalenian Culture

Kebaran culture

U6 related Culture Haplogroup U6 (Back migration to Africa of U6: 30,000 years ago) 

Iberomaurusian Culture

Ust’-Ishim man

Basal Eurasian

Hello Damien:

So most of the world’s languages are related because of the out-of-Africa migration. But then there are words transmitted to societies through writing. In other words, because of the invention of writing, words entered societies. And, yes, those are good charts.

Hi  Legesse,

I agree they transferred knowledge first. 🙂

Hello Damien:

Right!

Hi  Legesse,

Yes, to me, it’s all connected in one way or another.

Hello Damien:

The most interesting thing though, is that the two Ethiopian languages, Amarigna and Tigrigna, were already separate languages in Ethiopia 120,000 years ago. Amarigna is descended from Tigrigna. So since they were already separate 120,000 years ago, based on DNA research, that means there was some time that passed for their separation prior to 120,000 years ago.

Hi  Legesse,

Are you concluding that linguistically or with archaeology finds, I am interested? I would agree language comes from Africa.

Hello Damien:

Also, only in Tigrigna can you consistently break down multi-syllable words into single syllable words. Linguistically, supported by other types of research and I look to other disciplines to come to any conclusions. So we can divide “house” into single syllable words

• geza = “house”
• G/gaye = “living place”
• gezat = “houses” and in Amarigna “country”
• Z – wetse “arrive”
• TS and Z are linguistically related
• Z =  wezete/”residence”
• And T is plural suffix
• G living place
• Z residence = house
• gezat/”country” adds the T plural suffix

Hi  Legesse,

This is the best chat I have had in a long time. Thanks, I enjoy this. And,
I am even more excited about tomorrow. I have lots of thoughtful followers, I hope it gets you book sales. 🙂

Hello Damien:

Haha, Thanks, but most people should read or download my books for free at Slideshare… At this Link

Hi  Legesse,

I see you laughing but I have at least 100,00 people exposure on all my social networks and around 30,000 who follow my blog alone.

Hello Damien:

All 21 of my books are there so people can read or download for free. No, I wasn’t laughing about that, I want people to first read or download my books for free — that’s most important. For me, knowledge sharing is important. So, it’s not necessary for them to buy my books.

Hi  Legesse,

Which makes me like the humanity you express even more and thus I, even more, want to see you financially successful as I enjoy supporting truly good thoughtful people.

Hello Damien:

Success for me will be for as many people as possible to read or download my books for free. And, thanks, I appreciate it.

Hi  Legesse,

I know I will buy them as I appreciate you and all you do. We rise by helping each other.

Hello Damien:

True, if more university libraries around the world buy the books and add them to their collections, that would be great. Yes, you’re right.

Hi  Legesse,

Hello Damien:

I plan to finish watching your video today. Yes, Choices.

Hi  Legesse,

Great, I choose humanity and all who are beneficial to it, like you.

Hello Damien:

That’s the key word. Thank you. You too.

Hi  Legesse,

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

Hello Damien:

Nice, well, when I first saw the retranslations, I was very angry. That was when I was just on Genesis 1:2. I could see the mistranslators could read the underlying words.

Hi  Legesse,

Yes, I can imagine.

Hello Damien:

…And intentionally mistranslated them. I didn’t want to get caught up in politics… Ancient politics. A lot of friends encouraged me to continue.

Hi  Legesse,

Yes, it is wrong and what you do is so right and needed.

Hello Damien:

Because I quickly decided I would have no part of it. Yes, SO after a few weeks I calmed down and continued the retranslations. But I only decided to do 4 chapters. But as I looked around other verses and saw how the underlying text was mistranslated to vilify women, I had to do more. I couldn’t do nothing. I’ve turned down grant opportunities, such as the $300,000 NEH grant opportunity. I don’t want anyone, any agency or any organization to fund me in a effort to limit my research or to try to keep the truth from coming out.

Hi  Legesse,

I understand. I have done the same, I only follow the truth.

Hello Damien:

Yes. So I began production of a documentary, beginning with this music video… https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M9lUu5q7Tzs

Here is some interesting info. In the hieroglyphic language, the word metse is “come, arrive” while “lemetse” is smear. Notice the confusion of scholars’ translation of the word between ancient Greek and ancient Latin. In ancient Greek, they mistranslate “come, arrive” as the opposite meaning… “exit.” And matching the Greek word to Latin, they mistranslate metse/”come, arrive” as lemetse/”smear.” Great, so my point will be that ancient written texts need to be re-evaluated and retranslated, to ensure the accuracy of the translations. I have examples of accurate ancient translations and inaccurate ones. Although, truly, my current campaign is approaching women’s rights from an ancient women’s rights perspective.

Hi  Legesse,

Interesting I enjoy hearing about this. I am a feminist so that sounds cool to me. I am basically an Atheist-Humanist Philosopher & Pre-Historical Writer/Researcher and I plan on learning such languages to see for myself in the future. I like to learn to read many ancient languages as prehistory and early history interest me greatly. Do you know about the oldest women’s rights document in the world around 4,000 years old from Turkey?

Hello Damien:

Damien. I’m looking forward to our talk also. Do you have the transcription and transliteration of the Turkish document? I also need to see the actual written text. I’d like to retranslate the document.

Hi  Legesse,

Here is my blog in this: Kultepe? An archaeological site with a 4,000 years old women’s rights document.

I am really looking forward to our talk. Here is the link I got the info from:
http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/4000-year-old-tablets-found-in-turkey-include-womens-rights-85528

Hello Damien:

The underlying text of Genesis 1 through 4… Farming, grain sales, law enforcement, and more. And here is the supporting archaeological research that supports my retranslations, from UCLA Professor Aaron Burke, lead archaeologist of the Yafo, Tel Aviv ancient Egyptian fortress… Look on page 14 about the “Pharonic granaries.” You’ll find the mention of the fortress and it’s known rebuilding in my Genesis 4 retranslations.

The actual text underlying 1st Timothy 2:9-14, which set the stage for the vilification of women by the ancient Roman military.

Hi  Legesse,

Very interesting. Here is some info I know:

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

I think the pre-sexism starts 12,000 years ago in Turkey with the agriculture revolution religion of paganism. This early shamanistic paganism spit from the hunter-gather shamanism before it, which seemingly emerged around 30,000 years ago in siberia. And, it also likely, motivated a gender dualism in this new early shamanistic paganism expression of religion. Although, to a much lesser extent gender dualism had already loosely existed and likely this was accruing since totemism’s emergence around 50,000 years ago in europe.

So, now, early shamanistic paganism became more defined surrounding “gender” and was split into the invention of the clan male cult (hunter cult that after male gods added or became the warrior “EGO” cult) and goddesses cult (gather “agriculture” fertility cult with a sexist division of women relatively to good “mother/protector” and bad “sexual/violence” woman or something like that). Then the sexism becomes more developed after wars or constant threat in a sedentary lifestyle, which culminates with the emergence of the male gods around 7,000 years ago in the Balkans.

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

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Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

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Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

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So at around the time of the birth of  Male Gods around 7,000 years ago is around the time of the emergence of what I think is likely proto-kings, such as seen above from this seemingly royal nobility skeleton discovered in Grave No. 43 in the Varna culture (around 6,400-6,100 years ago). Chalcolithic Necropolis together with the numerous gold artifacts dating to the middle of the 5th Millenium BCE – and is the old processed gold in the world. Proto-Indo-European Culture (video)

Then a more complete sexism was formalized in the birth of nation-states around 5,000 years ago, such as in Egypt. And, by 4,000 years ago we see the first call for women’s rights or at least an acknowledgment of not hurting them as they where another property or something inventive. Sexism next became relatively universal by around 2,000 years ago with the final death of all goddess controlled faiths and the rise of monotheism (which I see as man-o-theism do to all of them being male gods and generally male-centric) we get full sexism. Here is some info on that:

Possible Clan Leader/Special “MALE” Ancestor Totem Poles At Least 13,500 years ago?

Sedentism and the Creation of goddesses around 12,000 years ago as well as male gods after 7,000 years ago.

Paganism: Goddesses around 12,000 years ago then Male Gods after 7,000 years ago

First Patriarchy: Split of Women’s Status around 12,000 years ago & First Hierarchy: fall of Women’s Status around 5,000 years ago.

Fear of Wars Violence and the Creation of Male God: Hamangia culture around 7,250-6,500 years ago (Romania and Bulgaria)?

The First Expression of the Male God around 7,000 years ago?

5,500 Years old birth of the State, the rise of Hierarchy, and the fall of Women’s status

Here is my Cracking of the Code in Genesis 1:26

Female Mystery ICONS “goddesses”

Here are my thoughts on the verse: “Genesis 1:26”

Then the bible God oddly said, Genesis 1:26 “Let us make mankind in our image, in our likeness, so that they may rule over the fish in the sea and the birds in the sky, over the livestock and all the wild animals, and over all the creatures that move along the ground.”

*I Would like to start in this part of the statement: “in our likeness, so that they may rule”

I see it as maybe relating to the how, at the agriculture revolution there was, to me, the birth of paganism an offshoot from shamanism-totemism seen in hunter-gathers before the Neolithic. I see this early paganism with male animal-familiar/consorts deities and female-human goddesses. To me, this early paganistic-shamanism theology evolved out of the shamanism thinking they originated from.

Therefore as I see it most likely the mythology packet of goddess (once a special ancestor shaman?) and male animal-familiar/consorts deities (connecting to the preexisting Phallus Phenomena (A Bull Horn) and the Shamanism Phenomena beginning around 30,000 years ago and the Hunting Ancestor Cult of the Clan Leader/Special “MALE” Ancestor Totem Poles At Least 13,500 years ago), simply an evolution from the shaman who was generally a woman if we go by the archaeology record and the general theme accumulation once one fully understands shamanism historically early. Shaman burial in Israel 12,000 years ago and the Shamanism Phenomena and lets not forget 12,000 – 10,000 years old Shamanistic Art in a Remote Cave in Egypt or 9,000-8500 year old Horned Female shaman Bad Dürrenberg Germany.

According to Norse Mythology for Smart People, Odin, the father of the gods, who possesses numerous shamanic traits. Odin, the chief of the gods, is often portrayed as a consummate shamanic figure in the oldest primary sources that contain information about the pre-Christian ways of the Germanic peoples. His very name suggests this: “Odin” (Old Norse Óðinn) is a compound word comprised of óðr, “ecstasy, fury, inspiration,” and the suffix -inn, the masculine definite article, which, when added to the end of another word like this, means something like “the master of” or “a perfect example of.” The name “Odin” can therefore be most aptly translated as “The Master of Ecstasy.” The Germanic peoples, like other Indo-European peoples, originally had a three-tiered social/political hierarchy: the first tier consisted of rulers, the second of warriors, and the third of farmers and others occupied with production and fecundity. The gods and goddesses can be profitably mapped onto this schema, and Odin a war-god, along with Tyr, corresponds to the first tier, the rulers. ref, ref

Many of the greatest Germanic heroes, such as Starkaðr and the Volsung family, have enjoyed Odin’s patronage. He maintains particularly close affiliations with the berserkers and other “warrior-shamans” whose fighting techniques and associated spiritual practices center around achieving a state of ecstatic unification with certain ferocious totem animals, usually wolves or bears, and, by extension, with Odin himself, the master of such beasts. ref, ref

The eleventh-century historian Adam of Bremen confirms this when he translates “Odin” as “The Furious.” This establishes a link between Odin and the ecstatic trance states that comprise one of the defining characteristics of shamanism. And Odin’s shamanic spirit-journeys are well-documented. The Ynglinga Sagarecords that he would “travel to distant lands on his own errands or those of others” while he appeared to others to be asleep or dead. Another instance is recorded in the Eddic poem “Baldur’s Dreams,” where Odin rides Sleipnir, an eight-legged horse typical of northern Eurasian shamanism, to the underworld to consult a dead seeress on behalf of his son. Odin, like shamans all over the world, is accompanied by many familiar spirits, most notably the two ravens Hugin and Munin. ref, ref, ref

In shamanistic practices, the animal familiar is not a physical being at all, but a thought-form or spiritual entity. It often travels astrally (relating to, emanating from, or resembling the stars), or serves as a magical guardian against those who might try to psychically attack the shaman. In some Scandinavian countries, familiars were associated with spirits of the land and nature (later becoming earth and sky gods?). Fairies, dwarves, and other elemental beings were believed to inhabit the physical bodies of animals. ref

The shaman must typically undergo a ritual death and rebirth in order to acquire his or her powers, Shamanism in Seidr shows us that goddess Freya, one of the preeminent goddesses in Norse mythology was also a divine archetype of the völva, a practitioner of the Germanic magical tradition known as seidr mainly preformed by women (to me, Household Female Ancestor Cults relate to Household Mother Goddess Cults). A man who practiced seidr could expect to be labeled argr (Old Norse for “unmanly;” the noun form is ergi) by his peers – one of the gravest insults that could be hurled at a Germanic man. There were other forms of shamanism that were much more socially acceptable for men to practice. One of the central institutions of traditional Germanic society was the band of elite, ecstatic, totemistic warriors. ref

These were no ordinary soldiers; the initiation rituals, fighting techniques, and other spiritual practices of these bands were such that their members could be aptly characterized as “warrior-shamans.” The divine guide and inspiration of such men were the same as for the seidr-workers: Odin. The Ynglinga Saga has this to say about them: “Odin’s men went armor-less into battle and were as crazed as dogs or wolves and as strong as bears or bulls.” ref

In Catal Huyuk “first religious designed city” around 9,500 to 7,700 years ago (Turkey) who practiced this early paganism connected to shamanistic ‘Sky Burial’ theory and its possible origins at least 12,000 years ago to likely 30,000 years ago or older. Which is expressed in the pre-pottery “Neolithic Skull Cult” around 11,500 to 8,400 Years Ago. Moreover, at Catal Huyuk there was art of bulls and bears in religious iconography as well as what looks like hunting cult behavior with totemistic warrior-shaman early paganist males seen taunting and ritually playing with the horned animals likely in demonstrations of bravery. ref

Could a 12,000-year-old Bull Geoglyph at Göbekli Tepe relate to older Bull and Female Art 25,000 years ago and Later Goddess and the Bull cults like Catal Huyuk?

*Bible-God oddly said, Genesis 1:26 “Let us make mankind in OUR image,

The Book of Psalms (Psalm 82:1), states “God (elohim) stands in the divine assembly; He judges among the gods (elohim)”. The meaning of the two occurrences of “elohim” has been debated by scholars, with some suggesting both words refer to Yahweh, while others propose that the God of Israel rules over a divine assembly of other Gods or angels. In the Hebrew Bible, there are multiple descriptions of Yahweh presiding over a great assembly of Heavenly Hosts. ref

The Old Testament description of the “divine assembly” all suggest that this metaphor for the organization of the divine world was consistent with that of Mesopotamia and Canaan. One difference, however, should be noted. In the Old Testament, the identities of the members of the assembly are far more obscure than those found in other descriptions of these groups, as in their polytheistic environment. Israelite writers sought to express both the uniqueness and the superiority of their God Yahweh, the Hebrew deity, Elohim (“gods”) and Adonai (“my lords”). ref

Archaic Sumerian, One of the first records of a divine council appears in the Lament for Ur, where the pantheon of Annunaki is led by An with Ninhursag and Enlil also appearing as prominent members. In the Old Babylonian pantheon, Samas (or Shamash) and Adad chair the meetings of the divine council. Akkadian, divine council was led by Anu, Ninlil, and Enlil. Marduk appears in the Babylonian Enûma Eliš as presiding over a divine council, deciding fates and dispensing divine justice. Canaanite, texts from Ugarit give a detailed description of the Divine Council’s structure of which El and Ba’al are presiding gods. ref

“Religion is an Evolved Product” and Yes, Religion is Like Fear Given Wings…

Atheists talk about gods and religions for the same reason doctors talk about cancer, they are looking for a cure or a firefighter talking about fires because they burn people and they care to stop them. We atheists too often feel a need to help the victim’s of mental slavery, held in the bondage that is the false beliefs of gods and the conspiracy theories of reality found in religions.

“Understanding Religion Evolution: Animism, Totemism, Shamanism, Paganism & Progressed organized religion”

Understanding Religion Evolution:

• Pre-Animism (at least 300,000 years ago)
• Animism (Africa: 100,000 years ago)
• Totemism (Europe: 50,000 years ago)
• Shamanism (Siberia: 30,000 years ago)
• Paganism (Turkey: 12,000 years ago)
• Progressed organized religion (Egypt: 5,000 years ago), (Egypt, the First Dynasty 5,150 years ago)
• CURRENT “World” RELIGIONS (after 4,000 years ago)
• Early Atheistic Doubting (at least by 2,600 years ago)

“An Archaeological/Anthropological Understanding of Religion Evolution”

It seems ancient peoples had to survived amazing threats in a “dangerous universe (by superstition perceived as good and evil),” and human “immorality or imperfection of the soul” which was thought to affect the still living, leading to ancestor worship. This ancestor worship presumably led to the belief in supernatural beings, and then some of these were turned into the belief in gods. This feeble myth called gods were just a human conceived “made from nothing into something over and over, changing, again and again, taking on more as they evolve, all the while they are thought to be special,” but it is just supernatural animistic spirit-belief perceived as sacred.

Quick Evolution of Religion?

Pre-Animism (at least 300,000 years ago). So, it all starts in a general way with Animism (such as that seen in Africa: 100,000 years ago) (theoretical belief in supernatural powers/spirits), then this is physically expressed in or with Totemism (Europe: 50,000 years ago) (theoretical belief in mythical relationship with powers/spirits through a totem item), which then enlists a full-time specific person to do this worship and believed interacting Shamanism (beginning around 30,000 years ago in Siberia) (theoretical belief in access and influence with spirits through ritual), and then there is the further employment of myths and gods added to all the above giving you Paganism (beginning around 12,000 years ago in Turkey) (often a lot more nature-based than most current top world religions, thus hinting to their close link to more ancient religious thinking it stems from). My hypothesis is expressed with an explanation of the building of a theatrical house (modern religions development). Progressed organized religion (around 5,000 years ago as sen in Egypt) with CURRENT “World” RELIGIONS (after 4,000 years ago).

Historically, in large city-state societies (such as Egypt or Iraq) starting around 5,000 years ago culminated to make religion something kind of new, a sociocultural-governmental-religious monarchy, where all or at least many of the people of such large city-state societies seem familiar with and committed to the existence of “religion” as the integrated life identity package of control dynamics with a fixed closed magical doctrine, but this juggernaut integrated religion identity package of Dogmatic-Propaganda certainly did not exist or if developed to an extent it was highly limited in most smaller prehistoric societies as they seem to lack most of the strong control dynamics with a fixed closed magical doctrine (magical beliefs could be at times be added or removed). Many people just want to see developed religious dynamics everywhere even if it is not. Instead, all that is found is largely fragments until the domestication of religion.

Religions, as we think of them today, are a new fad, even if they go back to around 6,000 years in the timeline of human existence, this amounts to almost nothing when seen in the long slow evolution of religion at least around 70,000 years ago with one of the oldest ritual worship. Stone Snake of South Africa: “first human worship” 70,000 years ago. This message of how religion and gods among them are clearly a man-made thing that was developed slowly as it was invented and then implemented peace by peace discrediting them all. Which seems to be a simple point some are just not grasping how devastating to any claims of truth when we can see the lie clearly in the archeological sites.

Hello Damien:

There are similarities in some context between the Bible’s underlying text and that of the Rosetta Stone… And, Damien, that is interesting. Of course, it is important that the ancient “Turkish” text is accurately translated. For example, Jaffa (Yafo)… It is said the Harris Papyrus has a story of the “Capture of Jaffa.” But when retranslated, there is no such “capture.”

But in the actual translation… There is no mention of capturing anything. So, while some scholars try to support their ideas of the world today, they intentionally mistranslate ancient texts to fit their ideology today. Like to say, “There was slavery in ancient times, so it’s not so bad today.”

Hi  Legesse,

Exactly, cool, I am having fun already. 🙂

Hello Damien:

When the reality is, it doesn’t say that…. the words for “slave,” for instance, doesn’t actually say that in either ancient Latin of ancient Greek. So, I would have to retranslate the ancient Turkish text to see if it really says that, which it likely doesn’t. Women have always been in charge. There is this
one retranslation as an example of accurate translations… You will see in my wrtings a word-for-word the ancient Greeks translated the Greek message on the Rosetta Stone into the hieroglyphic language 99.9% accurately. Or another…

Hi  Legesse,

I think an expression of slavery in the second to the last figure in the picture below, that if I remember right could be 22,000 years old as well as possible evidence of sexual slavery from Kostenki, Russia.

Kostenki – Evidence for Early Human Migrations into Europe

Venus figures from the Kostenki – Borshevo region on the Don River

Hello Damien:

Interesting, as for my work, the ancient explanation for storing papyrus fragments in jars stored inside caves (Dead Sea scrolls). 100% accurately translation and a 100% accurate translation 2000 years ago. So the words for “slavery” are not so in ancient Greek and ancient Latin. I have the retranslations of the words somewhere.

Hi  Legesse,

Great, I will add all this to the blog.

Hello Damien:

Female Mystery ICONS “goddesses”, Genesis 1:26 doesn’t actually say this. “Let us make mankind in our image, in our likeness, so that they may rule over the fish in the sea and the birds in the sky, over the livestock and all the wild animals, and over all the creatures that move along the ground.” “Still, most of the 23,500 cuneiform tablets unearthed at Kültepe were about commerce.” Actually, Damien, it is all about commerce back then. Let me show you a Cuneiform retranslation… Commerce… Therefore, it is impossible any discussion of “women’s rights.” This is a rancher selling meat. Notice the Yafo fortress was a meeting place for merchants. Those mistranslations, like I said, are men’s attempts to justify their dirty deeds of today. Pretending these were always issues, in order to make today’s issues okay. Very interesting stuff. You’ve done quite a bit of research!

Hi  Legesse,

Yes, I get it was an afterthought and not any main theme.

Hello Damien:

I have read a lot on your blog and began watching your “Animism, Totemism, Shamanism, Paganism & Progressed organized religion” video last night…

Hi  Legesse,

I feel honored. I have been researching for over 10 years on all this. It has been my only job (well with a little truck driving in between until my foot gave out like 7 years ago) and my wife has worked so I could devote all my time to this.

Hello Damien:

Wow, amazing. Mine began in 1991.

Hi  Legesse,

My yet, unpublished book: 

Hello Damien:

Wow Cool drawings. That’s a lot of work, Damien. Wow

Hi  Legesse,

All address actual archaeology facts. Like I said I will have like 150 in my book. 🙂

Hello Damien:

Wow That’s impressive. I found the “slave” analysis. So I can check the validity of the supposed word for “slave” in ancient Greek. Is the translation of the word accurate or not? Then I can check the validity of the supposed word for “slave” in ancient Greek. Is the translation of the word accurate or not? “The most common word for slaves is δοῦλος (doulos), used in opposition to ‘free man’ (ἐλεύθερος, eleútheros); an earlier form of the former appears in Mycenaean inscriptions as do-e-ro, ‘male slave’ (or ‘servant’, ‘bondman’; Linear B: ????????????), or do-e-ra, ‘female slave’ (or “maid-servant’, ‘bondwoman’).” D W R = do-e-ro, D W L = δοῦλος (doulos). “The verb δουλεὐω (which survives in Modern Greek, meaning “work”) can be used metaphorically for other forms of dominion, as of one city over another or parents over their children.” D W L = δουλεὐω. Ancient written Greek and Latin languages descended from the hieroglyphic language. Including the written characters, which are simply ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_in_ancient_Greece

Strong’s Greek Lexicon #1398. douleuo dool–yoo‘-o from 1401; to be a slave to (literal or figurative, involuntary or voluntary):–be in bondage, (do) serve(-ice). http://www.eliyah.com/cgi-bin/strongs.cgi?file=greeklexicon&isindex=1398 All ancient texts have been mistranslated This goes back to the mistranslations that became the Bible… to normalize the very idea of slavery So what is this word, D W L in reality?

Hi  Legesse,

Great I will add this as well. I appreciate your thoughtful research.

He was fellow anarchist, like me. we fight for everyone.

Mikhail Bakunin

Mikhail Alexandrovich Bakunin (1814 to 1876) was a Russian revolutionary anarchist and founder of collectivist anarchism. He is considered among the most influential figures of anarchism and one of the principal founders of the social anarchist tradition.

Yes, I am Actually an Atheist Anarchist

We Must Fight For People

We as humanity must work together as one people and one human race. We can no longer sit back and watch the world burn. We are accountable for the world staying the same thus leading to extended suffering, or change the world to start alleviating suffering. For too long we have gotten comfortable with eyes of hate, which only seem to find victims, instead of eyes of love, helping us find friends.

I am not calling for fighting for a political party; I am trying to inspire humanitarian flourishing not limited to even a country. As I wish to look to the big picture, that we are all global citizens, and I say it’s time we start acting like it. I, as others, promise to strive to help be the change so needed in this world. Will you join us?

Religion Evolution by Archaeology and Anthropology

Aron Ra interviewing me on my “Archaeological/Anthropological Understanding of Religion Evolution”

Daniel L. Everett: How Language Began. Homo erectus and the Origin of Language

Why are these 32 symbols found in caves all over Europe | Genevieve von Petzinger

The Roots of Religion: Genevieve Von Petzinger at TEDxVictoria

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

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Why are these 32 symbols found in caves all over Europe

32 Sacred Cave Art Pre-Writing Shapes Dated to 35,000 to 13,000 Years Ago

• 1. Aviform: less than 10% of sites, 30,000 to 13,000 years ago.
• 2. Cruciform: 13% of sites, all time periods.
• 3. Half Circle: 18% of sites, all time periods.
• 4. Penniform: 25% of sites, starting 25,000 years ago.
• 5. Serpentiform: 7% of sites, starting 30,000 to 13,000 years ago.
• 6. Circle: 20% of sites, all time periods.
• 7. Cupule: 15% of sites, all time periods.
• 8. Line: 70% of sites, all time periods.
• 9. Dot: 42% of sites, all time periods.
• 10. Negative Hand: 15% of sites, 30,000 to 13,000 years ago.
• 11. Positive Hand: 7% of sites, 30,000 to 13,000 years ago.
• 12. Claviform: 15% of sites, all time periods.
• 13. Spiral: 2 sites, 25,000 to 15,000 years ago.
• 14. Open-Angle: 42% of sites, all time periods.
• 15. Quadrangle: 20% of sites, all time periods.
• 16. Tectiform: 10% of sites, 25,000 to 13,000 years ago.
• 17. Cordiform: 3 sites, 30,000 to 15,000 years ago.
• 18. Finger Fluting: 15% of sites, all time periods.
• 19. Oval: 30% of sites, all time periods.
• 20. Reniform: rare, 35,000 to 13,000 years ago.
• 21. Triangle: 20% of sites, all time periods.
• 22. Crosshatch: 17% of sites, all time periods.
• 23. Flabelliform: 18% of sites, all time periods.
• 24. Pectiform: 5% of sites, starting 25,000 years ago.
• 25. Scalariform: 3 sites, starting 25,000 years ago.
• 26. Zig-Zag: 7 sites, 20,000 to 13,000 years ago.

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Even though not all signs are shown, palaeoanthropologist Von Petzinger, found through investigation of Europe’s cave art that there are at least 32 shapes. These are possibly a source of writings’ origin seen many times and places, thus the world’s oldest sacred code. A paleoanthropologist and rock art researcher explains that even though to many written language is the hallmark of human civilization, this construct in behavior didn’t just suddenly appear one day. Thousands of years before the first fully developed writing systems, our ancestors scrawled geometric signs across the walls of the caves they sheltered in. She has studied and codified these ancient markings in caves across Europe, suggesting that graphic communication, and the ability to preserve and transmit messages beyond a single moment in time, may be much older than we think. ref, ref, ref, ref

Proto-World and the Origin of Language

Where Did Language Come From? (The Origins of Language)

Noam Chomsky speaks about Universal Linguistics: Origins of Language

Professor Robert Sapolsky gives a lecture on language

The Concept of Language (Noam Chomsky)

The Origins and Evolution of Language | Michael Corballis | TEDxAuckland

How language began | Dan Everett | TEDxSanFrancisco

Historical myths | Dr. John van Wyhe | TEDxNUS

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

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Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

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Animism: Respecting the Living World by Graham Harvey 

“How have human cultures engaged with and thought about animals, plants, rocks, clouds, and other elements in their natural surroundings? Do animals and other natural objects have a spirit or soul? What is their relationship to humans? In this new study, Graham Harvey explores current and past animistic beliefs and practices of Native Americans, Maori, Aboriginal Australians, and eco-pagans. He considers the varieties of animism found in these cultures as well as their shared desire to live respectfully within larger natural communities. Drawing on his extensive casework, Harvey also considers the linguistic, performative, ecological, and activist implications of these different animisms.” ref

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

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Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

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Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

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“These ideas are my speculations from the evidence.”

I am still researching the “god‘s origins” all over the world. So you know, it is very complicated but I am smart and willing to look, DEEP, if necessary, which going very deep does seem to be needed here, when trying to actually understand the evolution of gods and goddesses. I am sure of a few things and less sure of others, but even in stuff I am not fully grasping I still am slowly figuring it out, to explain it to others. But as I research more I am understanding things a little better, though I am still working on understanding it all or something close and thus always figuring out more. 

Sky Father/Sky God?

“Egyptian: (Nut) Sky Mother and (Geb) Earth Father” (Egypt is different but similar)

Turkic/Mongolic: (Tengri/Tenger Etseg) Sky Father and (Eje/Gazar Eej) Earth Mother *Transeurasian*

Hawaiian: (Wākea) Sky Father and (Papahānaumoku) Earth Mother *Austronesian*

New Zealand/ Māori: (Ranginui) Sky Father and (Papatūānuku) Earth Mother *Austronesian*

Proto-Indo-European: (Dyḗus/Dyḗus ph₂tḗr) Sky Father and (Dʰéǵʰōm/Pleth₂wih₁) Earth Mother

Indo-Aryan: (Dyaus Pita) Sky Father and (Prithvi Mata) Earth Mother *Indo-European*

Italic: (Jupiter) Sky Father and (Juno) Sky Mother *Indo-European*

Etruscan: (Tinia) Sky Father and (Uni) Sky Mother *Tyrsenian/Italy Pre–Indo-European*

Hellenic/Greek: (Zeus) Sky Father and (Hera) Sky Mother who started as an “Earth Goddess” *Indo-European*

Nordic: (Dagr) Sky Father and (Nótt) Sky Mother *Indo-European*

Slavic: (Perun) Sky Father and (Mokosh) Earth Mother *Indo-European*

Illyrian: (Deipaturos) Sky Father and (Messapic Damatura’s “earth-mother” maybe) Earth Mother *Indo-European*

Albanian: (Zojz) Sky Father and (?) *Indo-European*

Baltic: (Perkūnas) Sky Father and (Saulė) Sky Mother *Indo-European*

Germanic: (Týr) Sky Father and (?) *Indo-European*

Colombian-Muisca: (Bochica) Sky Father and (Huythaca) Sky Mother *Chibchan*

Aztec: (Quetzalcoatl) Sky Father and (Xochiquetzal) Sky Mother *Uto-Aztecan*

Incan: (Viracocha) Sky Father and (Mama Runtucaya) Sky Mother *Quechuan*

China: (Tian/Shangdi) Sky Father and (Dì) Earth Mother *Sino-Tibetan*

Sumerian, Assyrian and Babylonian: (An/Anu) Sky Father and (Ki) Earth Mother

Finnish: (Ukko) Sky Father and (Akka) Earth Mother *Finno-Ugric*

Sami: (Horagalles) Sky Father and (Ravdna) Earth Mother *Finno-Ugric*

Puebloan-Zuni: (Ápoyan Ta’chu) Sky Father and (Áwitelin Tsíta) Earth Mother

Puebloan-Hopi: (Tawa) Sky Father and (Kokyangwuti/Spider Woman/Grandmother) Earth Mother *Uto-Aztecan*

Puebloan-Navajo: (Tsohanoai) Sky Father and (Estsanatlehi) Earth Mother *Na-Dene*

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Sky Father/Sky Mother “High Gods” or similar gods/goddesses of the sky more loosely connected, seeming arcane mythology across the earth seen in Siberia, China, Europe, Native Americans/First Nations People and Mesopotamia, etc.

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

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Hinduism around 3,700 to 3,500 years old. ref

 Judaism around 3,450 or 3,250 years old. (The first writing in the bible was “Paleo-Hebrew” dated to around 3,000 years ago Khirbet Qeiyafa is the site of an ancient fortress city overlooking the Elah Valley. And many believe the religious Jewish texts were completed around 2,500) ref, ref

Judaism is around 3,450 or 3,250 years old. (“Paleo-Hebrew” 3,000 years ago and Torah 2,500 years ago)

“Judaism is an Abrahamic, its roots as an organized religion in the Middle East during the Bronze Age. Some scholars argue that modern Judaism evolved from Yahwism, the religion of ancient Israel and Judah, by the late 6th century BCE, and is thus considered to be one of the oldest monotheistic religions.” ref

“Yahwism is the name given by modern scholars to the religion of ancient Israel, essentially polytheistic, with a plethora of gods and goddesses. Heading the pantheon was Yahweh, the national god of the Israelite kingdoms of Israel and Judah, with his consort, the goddess Asherah; below them were second-tier gods and goddesses such as Baal, Shamash, Yarikh, Mot, and Astarte, all of whom had their own priests and prophets and numbered royalty among their devotees, and a third and fourth tier of minor divine beings, including the mal’ak, the messengers of the higher gods, who in later times became the angels of Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Yahweh, however, was not the ‘original’ god of Israel “Isra-El”; it is El, the head of the Canaanite pantheon, whose name forms the basis of the name “Israel”, and none of the Old Testament patriarchs, the tribes of Israel, the Judges, or the earliest monarchs, have a Yahwistic theophoric name (i.e., one incorporating the name of Yahweh).” ref

“El is a Northwest Semitic word meaning “god” or “deity“, or referring (as a proper name) to any one of multiple major ancient Near Eastern deities. A rarer form, ‘ila, represents the predicate form in Old Akkadian and in Amorite. The word is derived from the Proto-Semitic *ʔil-, meaning “god”. Specific deities known as ‘El or ‘Il include the supreme god of the ancient Canaanite religion and the supreme god of East Semitic speakers in Mesopotamia’s Early Dynastic Period. ʼĒl is listed at the head of many pantheons. In some Canaanite and Ugaritic sources, ʼĒl played a role as father of the gods, of creation, or both. For example, in the Ugaritic texts, ʾil mlk is understood to mean “ʼĒl the King” but ʾil hd as “the god Hadad“. The Semitic root ʾlh (Arabic ʾilāh, Aramaic ʾAlāh, ʾElāh, Hebrew ʾelōah) may be ʾl with a parasitic h, and ʾl may be an abbreviated form of ʾlh. In Ugaritic the plural form meaning “gods” is ʾilhm, equivalent to Hebrew ʾelōhîm “powers”. In the Hebrew texts this word is interpreted as being semantically singular for “god” by biblical commentators. However the documentary hypothesis for the Old Testament (corresponds to the Jewish Torah) developed originally in the 1870s, identifies these that different authors – the Jahwist, Elohist, Deuteronomist, and the Priestly source – were responsible for editing stories from a polytheistic religion into those of a monotheistic religion. Inconsistencies that arise between monotheism and polytheism in the texts are reflective of this hypothesis.” ref

Jainism around 2,599 – 2,527 years old. ref

Confucianism around 2,600 – 2,551 years old. ref

Buddhism around 2,563/2,480 – 2,483/2,400 years old. ref

Christianity around 2,o00 years old. ref

Shinto around 1,305 years old. ref

Islam around 1407–1385 years old. ref

Sikhism around 548–478 years old. ref

Bahá’í around 200–125 years old. ref

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art

Damien Marie AtHope (Said as “At” “Hope”)/(Autodidact Polymath but not good at math):

Axiological Atheist, Anti-theist, Anti-religionist, Secular Humanist, Rationalist, Writer, Artist, Jeweler, Poet, “autodidact” Philosopher, schooled in Psychology, and “autodidact” Armchair Archaeology/Anthropology/Pre-Historian (Knowledgeable in the range of: 1 million to 5,000/4,000 years ago). I am an anarchist socialist politically. Reasons for or Types of Atheism

My Website, My Blog, & Short-writing or Quotes, My YouTube, Twitter: @AthopeMarie, and My Email: damien.marie.athope@gmail.com